Leith.] SIR ANDREW WOOD. 199
CHAPTER XXI.
LEITH-HISTORICAL SURVEY (ronfinaed).
A Scottish Navy-Old Fighting Mariners of Leith-Sir Andrew Woodand the YdZm CaravrZ-J.~es 111. skin-James IV. and Su-
Andrew-Double Defeat of the English Ships-John, Kobert, and Andrew Barton-Their Letten of Marque against the Portugu-
Jarnes IV. and his Sailors-A Naval Review.
AND now, before giving the history of more
modern Leith, we must refer to some of her brave
old fighting merchant mariners, who made her
famous in other years.
?As the subject of the Scottish navy,? says
Pinkerton, ? forms a subject but little known, any
anecdotes concerning it become interesting ;1? and,
fortunately for our purpose, most of these have
some reference to the zncient port of Leith.
Though the foymation of a Scottish navy was
among the last thoughts of the great king Robert
Bruce, when, worn with war and years, he lay dying
in the castle of Cardross, it was not until the reigns
of James 111. and IV. that Scotland possessed any
ships for purely warlike purposes. Nevertheless,
she was rich in hardy mariners and enterprising
merchants ; and an Act of Parliament during the
reign of the latter monarch refers to ? the great
and innumerable riches yat is tint in fault of shippis
and busses,? or boats to be employed in the
fisheries.
In 1497 an enactment was made that vessels of
twenty tons and upwards should be built in all the
seaports of the kingdom, while the magistrates were
directed to compel all stout vagrants who frequented
such places to learn the trade of mariners, and
labour for their own living.
Among the merchants and the private traders
James IV. found many men of ability, bravery,
and experience, such as Sir Andrew Wood of Largo,
the two Bartons (John and Robert), Sir Alexander
Mathieson, William Meremonth, all merchants of
Leith; and Sir David Falconer, of Borrowstounness.
Williarn Brownhill, who never saw an English
ship, either in peace or war, without attacking and
taking her if he was able, and various other naval adventurers
of less note were sought out by James 111.
and treated with peculiar favour and distinction.
But it was in the reign of his father that Sir Andrew
Wood, who has been called the ? Scottish Nelson ?
of his day, made his name in history, and to him
we shall first refer.
Under that unfortunate monarch Scotland?s commerce
was beginning to flourish, notwithstanding
the restraint so curiously laid upon maritime enterprise
by the Act that restricted sailing from St Jude?s
Day till Candlemas, under a penalty; and in 1476
R?e read of the ?? great ship ? of James Kennedy,
which Buchanan states ? to have been the largest
that ever sailed the ocean,? but was wrecked upon.
the coast of England and destroyed by the people.
During the reign of James III., the fighting merchant
of Leith, Sir Andrew Wood, bore the terror
of his name through English, Dutch, and Flemish
waters, and in two pitched battles defeated the
superior power of England at sea. As he was the
first of his race whose name obtained eminence,
nothing is known of his family, and even much of
his personal history is buried in obscurity. Dr.
Abercrombie, in his ? Martial Achievements,? supposes
him to have been a cadet of the Bonnington
family in Angus, and he is generally stated to have
been born about the middle of the fifteenth century
at the old Kirktoun of Largo, situated on the
beautiful bay of the same name.
Wood appears to have been during the early
part of the reign of James 111. a wealthy merchant
in Leith, where at first he possessed and commanded
two armed vessels of some 300 tons each, the-
YeZZow CaraveZ and FZlmer, good and strong ships,
superior in equipment to any that had been seen in*
Scotland before, so excellent were his mariners,
their arms, cannon, and armour. According to
a foot-note in Scott of Scotstarvit?s work, ?he had
been first a skipper at the north side of the bridge
of Leith, and being pursued, mortified his house
to Paul?s Work (in Leith Wynd) as the register
beats.?
It would appear that the vessel called the YelZow
CuraveZ was formerly commanded by his friend!
John Barton (of whom more elsewhere), as in the
accounts of the Lord High Treasurer the following
note occurs by the editor :-
?( In March 1473-4 the accounts contain a notice
of a ship which a cancelled entry enables us to
identify with the King?s Yellow Carad, afterwards
rendered famous under the command of Sir Andrews
Wood in naval engagements with the English.?
The editor a!so states that in the ?? Account of the
Chamberlain of Fife? he had found another entry
concerning 3 delivery to John Barton, master of
the King?s CurnveZ, under date 1475. ? This last
entry,? says an annotator, ?? being deleted, however
shows that there must have been some mistake as
to whom the corn was delivered, John Barton being
probably sailing one of his own ships. During
200
the reign of James 111. there were two or three
vessels called ?royal,? and among them often
appears the name of this famous Ydow Caravel,
latterly called Admiral Wood?s ship, as if it were
his own private, and at other times a royal, vessel.
The supposition has been that she belonged originally
to either Wood or Barton, who sold her
to King James.
Wood had been a faithful servant to the latter,
says Scotstarvit, and was knighted by him in 1482,
OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH,
have taken place in r481. Prior to 1487 Sir
Andrew Wood is supposed to have relinquished
commerce for the king?s service, and to have
married a lady, Elizabeth Lundie (supposed to be
of the Balgonie family), by whom he had several
sons, two of whom became men of eminence in after
years.
Thus, from being a merchant skipper of North
Leith, he became an opulent and enterprising
trader by his own talent and the course of public
[Leith.
LEITH HARBOUR, 1829. (Afier Sk)hcrd.)
when there was granted to him (Alexander Duke
of Albany being then Lord High Admiral) a iach
of the estate of Largo to keep his ship in repair,
and on the tenure that he should be ready at the
call of the King to pilot and convey him and the
queen to the shrine and well of St. Adrian in the
Isle of May. James afterwards gave him the heritage
of the estate on which he had been born by
a charter under the Great Seal, which recites his
good service by sea and land. This was confirmed
by James IV. in 1497, with the addition that one
of his most eminent deeds of arms had been his
successful defence of the castle of Dumbarton
against the English navy, an exploit buried in
obscurity, and which Pidkerton suggests must
events, ??a brave warrior and skilful naval commander,?
says Tytler, ? an able financialist, intimately
acquainted with the management of commercial
transactions, and a stalwart feudal baron,
who, without abating anything of his pride or his
prerogative, refused not to adopt in the management
of his estates those improvements whose good
effects he had observed in his travels over various
parts of the continent?
He was blunt in manner yet honest of purpose,
and most loyal in heart to his royal master, lames
111. ; and when the troubles of the latter began
in his fierce war with the lawless, proud, and turbulent
Scottish barons-troubles that ended so tragically
after the temble battle of Sauchieburn in
