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Convivialia.1 ASSEMBLY
presiding officials, male and female, with the names
they adopted, such as Elisha the Prophet, King of
Hell, Old Pluto, the Old Dragon, Lady Envy, and
so forth. ? The Hell-fire Club,? says Chambers in
his ? Domestic Annals,? ?? seems to have projected
itself strongly on the popular imagination in Scotland,
for the peasantry still occasionally speak of it
with bated breath and whispering horror. Many
wicked lairds are talked of who belonged to the
Hell-fire Club, and who came to bad ends, as
might have been expected on grounds involving
no reference to miracle.?
The ASSEMBLY OF BIRDS is the next periodical
gathering, but for ostensibly social purposes, and
to it we find a reference in the Caledonian Mermry
of October, 1733. This journal records
that yesternight there came on at the ?Parrot?s
Nest? in this city the annual election of oficebearers
in the ancient and venerable Assem60 of
Birds, when the Game Cock was elected preses;
the Buck Bird, treasurer; the GZedc, principal
clerk ; the Crow, his depute; the Duck, officer ; all
birds duly qualified to our happy establishment,
and no less enemies to the excise scheme. After
which an elegant entertainment was served up, all
the royal and loyal healths were plentifully drunk
in the richest wines, ?The GZorious 20s? ; ?AZZ
Bonny Birds,? &c. On this joyful occasion nothing
was heard but harmonious music, each bird striving
to excel in chanting and warbling their respective
melodious notes.?
We may imagine the medley of sounds in which
these humorous fellows indulged ; the glorious
205,? towhom reference was made, were those members
of the House of Commons who had recently
opposed a fresh imposition upon the tobacco tax.
Somewhere about the year 1750 a society called
the SWEATING CLUB made its appearance. The
members resembled the Mohocks and Bullies of
London. After intoxicating themselves in taverns
and cellars in certain obscure closes, they would
sally at midnight into the wynds and large thoroughfares,
and attack whomsoever they met, snatching off
wigs and tearing up roqaelaures. Many a luckless
citizen who fell into their hands was chased, jostled,
and pinched, till he not only perspired with exertion
and agony, but was ready to drop down and
die of sheer exhaustion.
In those days, when most men went armed,
always with a sword and a few with pocket-pistols,
such work often proved perilous ; but we are told
that ?even so late as the early years of this century
it was unsafe to walk the streets of Edinburgh at
night, on account of the numerous drunken parties
of young men who reeled about, bent on mischief
OF BIRDS. 123
at all hours, and from whom the Town Guard were
unable to protect the sober citizens.?
In Vol. I. of this work (p. 63) will be found a
facsimile of the medal of the Edinburgh REVOLUTION
CLUB, struck in 1753, ?in commemoration
of the recovery of religion and liberty by William
and Mary in 1688.? It bears the motto, Meminis
seJmabif.
?? On Thursday next,? announces the Advcrtiser
for November, 1764, the 15th current, the
RmoZution CZu6 is to meet in the Assembly Hall at
six o?clock in the evening, in commemoration of
our happy deliverance from Popery and slavery by
King William of glorious and immortal memory ;
and of the further security of our religion and
liberties by the settlement of the crown upon the
illustrious house of Hanover, when it is expected
all the members of that society, in or near the city,
will give attendance.? The next issue records the
meeting but gives no account thereof. Under its
auspices a meeting was held to erect a monument
to King William 111. in 1788, attended by the
Earls of Glencairn, Buchan, Dumfries, and others j
but a suggestion in the Edinburgh magazines of
that year, that it should be erected in the valley of
Glencoe with the King?s warrant for the massacre
carved on the pedestal, caused it to be abandoned,
and so this club was eventually relegated to ? the
lumber-room of time,? like the UNION and four
others, thus ranked briefly by the industrious
Chambers :-
No gentleman to appear in . I clean linen. THEDIRTYCLUB . .
THE BLACK WIGS . . . Members wore black wigs.
THE ODD FELLOWS . .
THE BONNET LAIRDS . . Members wore bonnets.
Members wrote their namea ?{ upside down.
Members regarded as Physicians,
and so styled, wearing
gowns and wigs.
THE DOCTORS OF FACULTY
CLUB . . . . . . .
In Volume 11. of the ? Mirror Club Papers ? we
find six others enumerated:-5?? Whin Bush,
Knz$ts of the Cap andFeather (meeting in the close
of that name), The Tdemade, The Stoic, Th
Hum-drum, and the Antemanurn.
In 1765 the institution of another club is thus
noticed in the. Advertiser of January 29th :-
? We are informed that there was a very numerous
meeting of the Knights Companions of the
Ancient Order of the BEGGARS? BENISON, with
their sovereign on Friday last, at Mr. Walker?s
tavern, when the band of music belonging to the
Edinburgh Regiment (25th Foot) attended. Everything
was conducted with the greatest harmony and
cheerfulness, and all the knights appeared with the
medal of the order.? ... ASSEMBLY presiding officials, male and female, with the names they adopted, such as Elisha the ...

Book 5  p. 123
(Score 0.52)

Arthur?s Seat.1 ST. ANTHONY?S CHAPEL. 319
farmers, who are maintained in it for six years;
?whom failing, the sons of respectable master
pnnters or booksellers, and the sons of respectable
servants in the agricultural line,? and who, when
admitted, must be of the age of six, and not more
than eight, years. They are taught the ordinary
branches of education, and Latin, Greek, French,
German, and mathematics.
The management of this institution is in the
survivor of certain individuals nominated by the
founder, and in certain e.T-o@cib trustees, viz., the
Lord Provost, the Principal of the University, the
Rector of the High School, the Ministers of Duddingston,
Liberton, Newton, the Laird of Niddrie,
and the factor of the Duke of Abercorn.
On the north-east side of Arthur?s Seat, overhoked
by those portions of it known as the Whinny
Hill and Sampson?s Grave, is the Mansion House
of Parson?s Green, which was terribly shaken by
three distinct shocks of an earthquake on the 30th
September, 1789, that caused a dinner party there
to fly from the table, while the servants also fled
frm the kitchen.
Here the hand of change has been at work, and
though the mansion house and much of its surrounding
timber have been retained, streets have been
run along the slope and close to Piershill Tollbar,
and westward of these was the great dairy,
long known as the Cow palace, and the temporary
railway station for the use of the royal family.
Above the curious little knoll, named the Fairies?
or Haggis Knowe, on a plateau of rock overlooking
St. Margaret?s artificial loch, on the northern
slope of Arthur?s Seat, we find the ruined
chapel and hermitage of St. Anthony-a familiar
feature in the landscape.
The former, which terminated in a square tower,
with two gables at its summit-as shown in the
view of the city in 15444s 36 feet long by 12
inside the walls, and was roofed by three sets of
groined arches that sprang from corbels. It had
two entrance doors, one on the south and one on
the north, where the hole yet remains for the bar that
secured it. Near it was the elegantly-sculptured
font A press, grooved for shelves, yet remains
in the north-east corner; and a stair ascended
to the tower, which rose on groins about forty feet
high.
Nine yards south-east is the ruin of the hermitage,
partly formed of the rock, irregular in shape, but
about I 7 feet by I z in measurement. The hermit who
abode here must, in the days when it was built, have
ied a lonely life indeed, though beneath him lay a
wealthy abbey and a royal palace, from whence a
busy city,gkt by embattled walls, coveredall theslope
to the castled rock. More distant, he could see on
one side the cheerful fields and woods that spread
away towards the Firth of Forth, but elsewhere only
the black basaltic rocks ; and, as a writer has excellentlyexpressedit,
he had butto step a few pacesfrom
the brow of the rock on which his cell and chapel
stood to immure himself in such a grim mountain
solitude as Salvator Rosa might have thought an appropriate
scene forthe temptationsof that saint of the
desert to whom the chapel was dedicated. Kincaid
says that a handsome stone seat projected from the
outside of the wall at the east end, and the whole
appeared to have been enclosed by a stone wall.
So simple is the architecture of the edifice that it
is difficult to assign any precise date for it. There
remains not a single vestige of record to say when,
or by whom, it was erected or endowed, though it
stands in the centre of a tract that for ages has
been a royai park. No reference to it occurs in
the muniments of the Abbey of Holyrood, nor is
there any evidence-though it has often been
asserted-that it was a chaplaincy or pendicle of
the Knights Hospitallers of St. Anthony in Leith.
Yet it is extremely probable that it was in some
wzy connected with them.
Tradition says it was merely founded for the
guardianship of the holy well in its vicinity, and
that it was a spot for watching vessels, the impost
on which formed part of the revenues of the
adjacent abbey, and also that a light was hung in
the tower to guide mariners in the Birth at night,
that, as Grose says in his ?Antiquities,? they might
be induced to make vows to its titular saint.
At the foot of the rock there still bubbles up the
little spring named St. Anthony?s Well, which flows
pleasantly down through the rich grass of the
valley. Originally the spring flowed from under
the little stone arch, but about the year 1674 it
dried up, and after a time broke out lower down,
where we now find it. The well is referred to in
the old song which begins ? 0 waly, waly !? the
Scottish exclamatior, for ? Alas ! ? In Robert
Chambers?s ?Scottish Songs? there is anote upon it,
from which we may give the following passage :-
?This beautiful old song has hitherto been sup
posed to refer to some circumstance in the life of
Queen Mary, or at least to some unfortuna:e love
affair which happened at her Court. It is now discovered,
from a copy which has been found as
forming part of a ballad in the Pepysian Library at
Cambridge (published in Motherwell?s ? Minstrelsy,?
1827, under the title of ?Lord Jamie Douglas?), to
have been occasioned by the affecting tale of Lady
Barbara Erskine, daughter of John (sixteenth Lord
Erskine), ninth Earl of Mar, and wife of James II., ... Seat.1 ST. ANTHONY?S CHAPEL. 319 farmers, who are maintained in it for six years; ?whom failing, the ...

Book 4  p. 319
(Score 0.52)

INDEX. 463
Douglas, Daunie, 239
Cause, 163
Douglas, Heron, & Co.’s Bank, 284
Dow Craig, Calton Hill, 82
Dowie, John, 181
Dowie’s Tavern, Libberton’s Wynd, 164, 181
Downie, accused of High Treason, 123
Drama, Scottish, 285, 326
DreM, 14, 45
Dromedary, Exhibition of a, 286
Drowning, The Punishment of, 454
Drum, The, 115
Drumlanrig, 43
Lord, 299
Drummond, Bishop Abernethy, 265
Lord, 296
of Eawthorndeo, 91, 240
Sir Qeorge, 240
Qeorge, 207
Drumaelch, Forreat of, 276
Drury, Sir William, 84,132, 174, 273, 424
Dryden, 103
Duddingatone, Village of, 111
Dudley, Lord, 294
Dumbarton Castle, 2, 53, 130
Dumfries, William Earl of, 140, 141
Dunbar, Battle of, 93
Church, 129
Lord L’Isle, 49
Penelope, Countess of, 140
Qawin, 38
Town of, 50, 63, 77, 321
William, the Poet, 26, 28, 30
Canongate, 277
Donbar’s Close, 95,224
Dundas, Lord President, 243,253
Sir Lawrence, 259
Dundee, Viscount, 106,123,216,217
Dundonald, Earl of,. 163.
Dunfermline Abbey, 3
Dunkeld’a Palace, Bishop of, 319, 320
Dunnybristle House, 391
Dunrobin Castle, 154
Dunsinnane, Lord, 193
Dureward, Allan, Justiciary of Scotland, 5
Durham, Bishop of, 26
Durie, Abbot, Andrew, 261
Abbot, George;257
Lord, 243
Abbot of, 12,257 ’
Durie’s Close, 244
Dyvoura, 223
Ebranke, 2,419, 423
Edgar, Patrick, 139
Edinburgh, Ancient Maps of, 424
Ancient Painting of, 156
Viscount of, 7
Edmonston, Lord, 208
Edmrd I., 2, 4, 6, 132, 321, 399
II., 6,379
III., 132, 384
IV., 19
Edward VI., 48, 51, 58
Nicol. See Udward
Edwin, King of Northumbria, 2, 419
Eglinton, Earl of, 241
Elgin, Countess of, 166
Elibank, Lord, 143,
Elizabeth, Queen, 61, 62, 68, 89,174
Elliot, Sir Gilbert, 256, 332
Mise Jeanie, 332
Elphinstone, Lord, 309
Susannah, Counteea of, 241,289
Sir George, 286
Secretary, 89
Tower, 51
Elphinstone’s Court, 269, 314
Emblems, Paradin’s, 150
Erskine, Lord, 53
of Dun, 75
Sir Alexander, 227
Exchange, Royal, 122 .
Excise Office, 259
Palconer, William, 275
Falkland, 45, 388
Farquharson, Dr, 180
Fenelon, Xonsieur de la Motte, 175
Fentonbarns, Lord, 267
Fergus I., 91
Ferguson, Robert, the Poet, 106,181, 237, 242, 347
Fettes Row, 196
Fiery C r o ~5, 1
Figgate Whins, 244
Fires, 13, 209
Fisher’s Cloae, 169
Flezning, Lord, 22, 266
Robert, the Plotter, 192
Sir Ifalcolm, 16 .
Sir James, 368
Fleshmarket Close, 242
Canongate, 278
Fletcher, Lawrence, Comedian, 286
Flodden Field, Battle of, 31, 34, 38
Fonts, 142, 147, 353
Forbes, Lord, 48
of Milton, Andrew. See Miltor, h d
Duncan, of Culloden, 112, 192, 209
Sir Alexander, 239
Sir William, 212, 252
Foreman, Andrew, 23
Forglen, Lord, 239, 240
Forreat, Mer., Provost of the Kirk-of-Field, 397
Forrester’s Wynd, 181
Forster, Adam, Lord of Nether Liberton, 385
Fortune’s Tavern, 242
Fountain Close, 270
Fountainhall, Lord, 161, 203, 207,287
Fowler, William, the Poet, 240
Francis I., 41
Fraser of Strichen, Alexander, 261
Freemasons, 431
French Ambwador’s Chapel, Covgate, 328
Well, 258, 391
Tibbie, of the Glen, 367 ... 463 Douglas, Daunie, 239 Cause, 163 Douglas, Heron, & Co.’s Bank, 284 Dow Craig, Calton Hill, ...

Book 10  p. 502
(Score 0.52)

I 26 ? OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [PrinerSSma.
The tower, as originally designed, terminated in
an open lantern, but this fell during a tempest of
wind in January, 1818. In a letter to his friend,
Willie Laidlaw, Sir Walter Scott refers to the event
thus :-?I had more than an anxious thought
about you all during the gale of wind. The Gothic
pinnacles were blown from the top of Bishop
Sandford?s Episcopal chapel at the end of Princes
Street, and broke through the roof and flooring,
doing great damage. This was sticking the horns
of the mitre into the belly of the church. The
devil never so well deserved the title of Prince of
Power of the Air since he has blown down this
handsome church, and left the ugly mass of new
buildings standing on the North Bridge.?
The bishop referred to was the Rev. Daniel Sand-
? ford, father of the accomplished Greek scholar, Sir
Daniel Keyte Sandford, D.C.L., who was born at
Edinburgh in February, 1798, and received all the
rudiments of his education under the venerable
prelate, who died in 1830.
The interior of St. John?s Church is beautiful,
and presents an imposing appearance ; it contains
a very fine organ, and is adorned with richlycoloured
stained-glass windows. The great eastern
window, which is thirty feet in height, contains the
figures of the twelve apostles, by Eggington of
Birmingham, acquired in 1871. There is also
a magnificent reredos, designed by Peddie and
Kinnear.
In this church ministered for years the late Dean
Ramsay, the genial-hearted author of ? Reminiscences
of Scottish Life and Character.? A small
cemetery, with two rows of ornamented burial
vaults, adjoin the south side of this edifice, the
view of which is very striking from the West
Churchyard. In these vaults and the little
cemetery repose the remains of many persons
eminent for rank and talent. Among them are
the prince of Scottish portrait painters, Sir Henry
Raeburn, the Rev. Archibald Alison, the wellknown
essayist on ?? Taste,? Dr. Pultney Alison, his
eldest son, and brother of the historian, Sir Archibald.
The Doctor was professor successively of
the theory and practice of physic in the university,
author of several works of great authority in
medical science, and was one of the most philanthropic
men that ever adorned the medica! profession,
even in Edinburgh, where it has ever been
pre-eminently noble in all works of charity ; and he
was the able antagonist of Dr. Chalmers in advocating
the enforcement of a compulsory assessment
for the support of the poor in opposition to the
Doctor?s voluntary one.
There, too, lie James DonaldsoIi, founder of the
magnificent hospital which bears his name j the
Rev. Andrew Thomson, first minister of St. Geoge?s
Church in Charlotte Square, in his day one of the
most popular of the city clergy; Sir Williani
Hamilton, professor of moral philosophy in the
university, and a philosopher of more than
European name ; Catherine Sinclair, the novelist j
Macvey Napier, who succeeded Lord Jeffrey as
editor of the Zdiaburgh Rm2wY and, together
with James Browne, LL.D., conducted the seventh
edition of the ?? Encyclopaedia Britannica?; Sir
William Arbuthnot, who was Lord Provost in
1823; Mrs. Sligo of Inzievar, the sister of Sir
James Outram, ? the Bayard of India?; and many
more of note.
Nearly opposite is a meagre and somewhat
obstn,uztive edifice of triangular form, known as
the Sinclair Fountain, erected in 1859 at the
expense of Miss Catherine Sinclair, the novelist,
and daughter of the famous Sir John Sinclair of
Ulbster, a lady distinguished for her philanthropy,
and is one of the memorials?of her benefactions
to the city.
Among the many interesting features in Princes
Street are its monuments, and taken seriatim,
according to their dates, the first-and first also is
consequence and magnificence-is that of Sir Walter
Scott This edifice, the design for which, by G.
M. Kemp (who lost his life in the canal by
drowning ere its completion), was decided by the
committee on the 30th of April, 1840, bears a
general resemblance to the most splendid examples
of monumental crosses, though it far excels all its
predecessors in its beauty and vast proportions,
beirig 180 feet in height, and occupying a square
area of 55 feet at its base.
The foundation stone was laid in 1840, and in it
was deposited a plate, bearing the following
inscription by Lord Jeffrey, remarkable for its
tenor :-
?This Graven Plate, deposited in the baseof a votive
building on the fifteenth day of August, in the year of
Christ 1840, and mcr bRry io see tk I&& apin td2 aZ2 tlu
surrounding strucfwu have crumbZrd fo dwt the d.ay 01
time, w by human OY ekmmzal vibZence, may then testify to a
distant posterity that his countrymen began on that day to
raise an effigy and architectural mohnent, TO THE MEMORY
OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, BART., whose admirable writings
were then allowed to have given more delight and suggested
better feeling to a larger class of readers in every rank of
society, than those of any other author, with the exception of
Shakespeare alone, and which were therefore thought likely
to be remembered long after this act of gratitude on the part
of the first generation of his admirers should be forgotten.
?? HE WAS BORN AT EDINBURGH, I5TH AUGUST, 1771,
AND DIED AT ABBOTSFORD, ZIST SEPTEMBER, 1832,?
Engravings have made us familiar with the ... 26 ? OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [PrinerSSma. The tower, as originally designed, terminated in an open lantern, but ...

Book 3  p. 126
(Score 0.52)

Leith] ST. NINIAN?S CHAPEL 251
the eighty-seventh year of his age, and was able
to transact business until a very short time before
his death. He was succeeded in the baronetcy
by his eldest son, Sir Thomas Gladstone, of Fasque
and Balfour, M.P. for Queenborough and other
places successively in England.
Gladstone Place, near the Links, has been
so named in honour of this family.
From the top of the Sheriff Brae and Mill Lane,
Great Junction Street, a broad and spacious
thoroughfare, extends eastward for the distance of
two thousand feet to the foot of Leith Walk.
Here, on the south side, are the United Presbyterian
church, the neat Methodist chapel, and a
large and handsome edifice erected in 1839 as a
school, and liberally endowed by Dr. Bell, founder
of the Madras system of education, at a cost of
f;IO,OOO.
C H A P T E R X X V I I I ,
NORTH LEITH.
The Chapel and Church of St. NiniaPParish Created-Its Records-Rev. George Wishart-Rev. John Knox-Rev. Dr. Johnston-The Burial-
Ground-New North Leith ChurchlFree Church-Old Grammar SchoolXobourg Street-St. Nicholas Church-The Citadel-Its
Remains-Houses within k--Beach and Sands of North Leith-New Custom How-Shipping Inwards and Outwards.
ON crossing the river we find ourselves in North
Leith, which is thus described by Kincaid in
?787 :-
? With regard to North Leith, very little alteration
has taken place here for a century past. It consists
of one street running north-east from the bridge,
six hundred feet long, and about forty in breadth
where broadest. On each side are many narrow
lanesand closes, those on the south side leading
down to the carpenters? yards by the side of the
river, and those on the north to the gardens belonging
to the inhabitants. From the bridge a
road leads to the citadel, in length 520 feet ; then
IOO feet west, and we enter the remains of the old
fortification, on the top of which a dwelling-house
is now erected. The buiIdings in this place are in
general very mean in their appearance, and inhabited
by peopIe who let rooms during the summer
season to persons who bathe in the salt water.?
One of the leading features of North Leith, when
viewed from any point of view, is the quaint spire
of its.old church, on the west bank of the river,
near the end of the upper drawbridge, abandoned
now to secular purposes, separated from its ancient
burying-ground (which still remains, With its many
tombstones, half sunk amid the long rank grass
of ages), and lifting its withered and storm-worn
outline, as if in deprecation of the squalor by which
it is surrounded, and the neglect and contumely
heaped on its venerable history.
North Leith, which contains the first, or original
docks, and anciently comprehended the citadel
and the chief seat of traffic, was long a congeries
of low, quaint-looking old houses, huddled
into groups or irregular lines, and straddling their
way amid nuisances in back and front, very much
the style of a Spanish or Portuguese town of the
present day; but since 1818 it has undergone great
and renovating changes, and, besides being disenambered
of the citadel and masses of crumbling
houses, it has some streets that may vie with the
second or third thoroughfares of Edinburgh.
As stated in our general history of Leith, Robert
Ballantyne, Abbot of Holyrood, towards the close
of the fifteenth century, built a handsome bridge
of three stone arches over the Water of Leith, to
connect the southern with the northern quarter of
the rising seaport, and so011 after its completion he
erected and endowed near its northern end a chapel,
dedicated to the honour of God, the Virgin Mary,
and St. Ninian, the apostle of Galloway, Having
considerable possessions in Leith, ?he abbot a p
pointed two. chaplains to officiate in this chapel,
who were ta receive all the profits accruing from a
house which he had built at the southern end of
this bridge, with A4 yearly out of other tenements
he possessed in South Leith.
In addition to the offerings made in the chapel,
the tolls or duties accruing from this new bridge
were to be employed in its repair and that of the
chapel, but all surplus the charitable abbot ordained
was to be given to the poor; and this charter of
foundation was confirmed by James IV., of gallant
memory, on the 1st of January, 1493. (Maitland.)
This chapel was built with the full consent of
the Chapter of Holyrood, and with the approbation
of William, Archbishop of St Andrews ; and-as a.
dependency of the church of the Holy Crossthe
land whereon it stood is termed the Rudest&
in a charter of Queen Mary, dated 1569. ... ST. NINIAN?S CHAPEL 251 the eighty-seventh year of his age, and was able to transact business until a very ...

Book 6  p. 251
(Score 0.52)

Parliament House.] TREATY OF UNION. 163
to regain the throne; for the proposed union
with England had inflamed to a perilous degree
the passions and the patriotism of the nation.
In August the equivalent money sent to Scotland
as a blind to the people for their full participation
in the taxes and old national debt of England, was
pompously brought to Edinburgh m twelve great
waggons, and conveyed to the Castle, escorted by
a regiment of Scottish cavalry, as Defoe tells us,
amid the railing, the reproaches, and the deep
curses of the people, who then thought of nothing
but war, and viewed the so-called equivalent as
the price of their Scottish fame, liberty, and
honour.
In their anathemas, we are told that they spared
not the very horses which drew the waggons, and on
the return of the latter from the fortress their fury
could no longer be restrained, and, unopposed by
the sympathising troops, they dashed the vehicles
to pieces, and assailed the drivers with volleys of
stones, by which many of them were severely
injured.
?It was soon discovered, after all,? says Dr.
Chambers, ? that only LIOO,OOO of the money was
specie, the rest being iu Exchequer bills, which the
Bank of England had ignorantly supposed to be
welcome in all parts of Her Majesty?s dominions.
This gave rise to new clamours. It was said the
English had tricked them by sending paper instead
of money. Bills, payable 400 miles of, and which
if lost or burned would be irrecoverable, were a
pretty price for the obligation Scotland had come
under to pay English taxes.??
In the following year, during the sitting of the
Union Parliament, a terrible tumult arose in the
west, led by two men named Montgomery and
Finlay. The latter had been a sergeant in the
Royal Scots, and this enthusiastic veteran burned
the articles of Union at the Cross of Glasgow, and
with the little sum he had received on his discharge,
enlisted men to march to Edinburgh, avowing his
intention of dispersing the Union Parliament,
sacking the House, and storming the Castle. I n
the latter the troops were on the alert, and the
guns and beacons were in readiness. The mob
readily enough took the veteran?s money, but
melted away on the march ; thus, he was captured
and brought in a prisoner to the Castle, escorted by
250 dragoons, and the Parliament continued its
sitting without much interruption.
The Articles of Union were framed by thirty
commissioners acting for England and thirty acting
for Scotland ; and though the troops of both COUTI?
tries were then fighting side by side on the Continent,
such were their mutual relations on each side
of the Tweed, that, as Macaulay says, they could
not possibly have continued for one year more ?? on
the terms on which they had been during the
preceding century, and that there must have been
between them either absolute union or deadly
enmity; and their enmity would bring frightful
calamities, not on themselves alone, but on all the
civilised world Their union would be the best
security for the prosperity of both, for the internal
tranquillity of the island, for the just balance of
power among European states, and for the immunities
of all Protestant countries.?
As the Union debates went on, in vain did the
eloquent Belhaven, on his knees and in tears,
beseech the House to save Scotland from extinction
and degradation; in vain did the nervous
Fletcher, the astute and wary Lockhart, plead for
the fame of their forefathers, and denounce the
measure which was to close the legislative hall
for ever. ? Many a patriotic heart,? says Wilson,
? throbbed amid the dense crowd that daily assembled
in the Parliament Close, to watch the decision
of the Scottish Estates oa the detestable scheme
of a union with England. Again and again its fatetrembled
in the balance, but happily for Scotland,
English bribes outweighed the mistaken qeal ot
Scottish patriotism and Jacobitism, united against
the measure.?
On the 25th of March, 1707, the treaty or
union was ratified by the Estates, and on the zznd
of April the ancient Parliament of Scotland adjourned,
to assemble no more. On that occasion
the Chancellor Seafield made use of a brutal jest,
for which, says Sir Walter Scott, his countrymen
should have destroyed him on the spot.
It is, of course, a matter of common history,
that the legislative union between Scotland and
England was carried by the grossest bribery and
corruption; but the sum actually paid to members
who sat in that last Parliament are not perhaps
so well known, and may be curious to the
reader.
During some financial investigations which were
in progress in 1711 Lockhart discovered and
made public that the sum of Lzo,540 17s. 7d. had
been secretly distributed by Lord Godolphin, the
Treasurer of England, among the baser members ot
the Scottish Parliament, for the purpose of inducing
them to vote for the extinction of thek country,
and in his Memoirs of Scotland from the Accession
of Queen Anne,? he gives us the following list of
the receivers, with the actual sum which was paid
to each, and this list was confirmed on oath hy
David Earl of Glasgow, the Treasurer Deputy of
Scotland .
I
. ... House.] TREATY OF UNION. 163 to regain the throne; for the proposed union with England had inflamed to ...

Book 1  p. 163
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Cunie.1 ROMAN AND OTUER ANTIQUITIES. 331
locality; But the ?? Old Statistical Account ? has
the following version of it :-
?L From its name-Koria or Coria-it seems to
have been one of those districts which still retain
their Roman appellation. This conjecture is supportedby
the following authors, who give an account
of the ancient and modem names of places in
Scotland : 1st. Johnston, in his ? Antiquitates
Celto-Normannicz,? for the Koria of Ptolemy places
Cumc; znd, Dr. Stukeley, in his account of
Richard of Cirencester?s map and itinerary, for the
Koria of Richard fixes Corstanlaw in the neighbourhood
of Currie ; 3rd, Sir Kobert Sibbald, in
his ? Roman Antiquities of Scotland,? conceives
it to have been the place near the manor of Ingliston,
from a pillar dug up there, which place is
likewise in the vicinity
_ _
of earthenware. South of the great cairn were five
large stones, set upright in the earth, to com-?
memorate some now-forgotten battle ; and at the
bottom of the same field were found many stone
coffins, which the late General Scott of Malleny
re-interred, and he set up a tombstone, which still
marks the place.
At Enterkins Yett,according to tradition, a bloody
battle was fought with the Danes, whose leader
was slain by the Scots and buried in the field giving
rise to its name.
But, apart from these prehistoric vestiges, Cume
has claims to considerable antiquity from an ecclesiastical
point of view.
Father Hay records that the Knights of the
Hospital had an establishment at Currie, then
called Kill-leith (i.e., the
1
of Currie. These circumstances
tend io prove
that it must have been
originally a Roman sta-,
tion-traces of which
have lately been found
in the neighbourhood ?
The locality is very
rich in ancient militar;
remains, as the extract
from the ? I Old Statistical
(Vol. V.).
KNIGHT TEMPLAR?S TOMB, CURRIE CHURCHYARD.
(Ajtrr a Sketch by th Author.)
Account ? would lead us
to- expect. Indications of Roman stations are
visible on Ravelrig Hill and Warlaw Hill.
The former crowns the summit of a high bank,
inaccessible on three sides, defended by two ditches
faced with stone, with openings for a gate. It is
named by the peasantry the Castle Yett.
Farther eastward, commanding a view of the
beautiful strath towards Edinburgh, is another
station, traditionally called the General?s Watch, or
Post. These works are much defaced, the hewn
stones having been carried off to make field dykes.
On Cocklaw Farm, there were, till within a few
years ago, the remains of a massive round tower,
eighteen feet in diameter. The ruins were filled
with fine sand. It had some connection with the
station on Ravelrig Hill, as subterranean passages
have been traced between them.
On the lands of Harelaw-a name which implies
the locality of an army-near the present farmhouse,
there stood an immense cairn, ofwhich three
thousand loads were carted away, some time shortly
before 1845. Within it was a stone cist, only two
feet square, but full of human bones. In the same
field was found a coffin of stone, the bones in
which had faded into dust; amid them lay a piece
Chapel by the ? Leith),
which was a chief commandery.
But there lies
in the village churchyard
a tombstone six feet
long by two broad, on
which there is carved a
sword of the thirteenth
century, with the guard
depressed, and above it
the eight-pointed cross
of the Temple, encircled
by a rosary of beads.
It was for a time built into the wall of the village
school-house.
In 1670 Scott of Bavelaw was retoured in the
Temple lands and Temple houses of Currie. The
fragment of the old church bore the impress of
great antiquity, and when it was removed to make
way for the present plain-looking place of worship,
there was found a silver ornament supposed to be
the stand of acrucifix, or stem of an altar candlestick,
as it had a screw at each end, and was se,ven
inches? long by one and one-eighth in diameter.
On a scroll, it bore in Saxon characters, the legend-
3esn . fiIi . Pof . flfserorc . mti.
It is now preserved in the Museum of Antiquities.
In the reign of David II., William of Disscyngtoun,
relation and heir of John Burnard, had?
a grant of land in the barony of Currie ; and under
Robert III., Thomas Eshingtoun (or Dishingtoun),
son probably of the same, had a charter of the
lands of Longherdmanstoun, Currie,. Redheughs,
and Kilbaberton-all in the shire of Edinburgh
Under the same monarch, William Brown of
Colstoun had a grant of Little Currie, in the
barony of Ratho ; and afterwards we find Robert ... ROMAN AND OTUER ANTIQUITIES. 331 locality; But the ?? Old Statistical Account ? has the following version ...

Book 6  p. 331
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334 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Cunie.
? for provisions, and the enemy in confident expectation
of starving them out,asoldier accidentally caught
some fish in his bucket (in the act of drawing water),
which the governor boastingly held out in sight
of the besiegers. On seeing this unexpected store,
the assailants hastily raised the siege, deeming it
hopeless to attempt to starve a garrison that was
so mysteriously supplied.? It is probable that
this episode octurred during the war between the
king?s and queen?s party, which culminated in the
siege of Edinburgh Castle in 1573.
Curriehill Castle, the ancient ruins of which
stand on the opposite bank of the Leith, at a little
distance, and which was the stronghald and ,for
ages the abode of the Skenes, was a place of some
note during that war. Among the six chief places
mentioned as being fortified and garrisoned in the
neighbourhood of Edinburgh are Lennox Tower,
on the loyalists? or queen?s side, and Curriehill
for the king.
In Crawford of Drumsoy?s ?Memoirs of the
Affairs of Scotland,? we find the following, under
date I572 :-
?The siege of Nidderie-Seaton being raised for
the relief of Merchiston, the governor found means
to supply his masters at Edinburgh with some corn
and about fifty or sixty oxen. Those who guarded
the booty mere in their turn taken by the Lairds of
Colington and Curryhill, and imprisoned at Corstorphin.
This galled the loyalists, lest it should
dishearten the governor and garrison of Nidderie;
and to let them see how much they rwented the
loss, the Lord Seaton was sent out with a hundred
horse, who took the Laird of Curryhill out of his
own house, and delivered him to the governor.
The same day he lighted by chance upon Crawford
of Liffnorris, who was coming into Leith, attended
with fifty horse, to assist the Associators. These,
with their leader, were taken without blows, and
were sent next morning to the governor, to keep
Curryhill company, but in a day or two were exchanged
for those at Corstorphin. Seaton, however,
kept the horses to himself, and brought them into
Edinburgh loaded with provisions, which he bought
at a doubleprice from the country people; nor did
the loyalists at any time take so much as one
bushel of corn which they did not pay for, though
they often compelled the owners to sell it.?
Malleny and Baberton, in Cume, are said to
have been the property of James VI. ; and Alexander
Brand, to whom he gave the latter house,
was a favourite of his.
Eastward of, Kinleith, at the north-east end of
the Pentland range, are the remains of a camp
above a pass, through which General Dalyell
marched with the Grey Dragoons and other horse
to attack the Covenanters at Rullion Green, in
1666.
The following is the rofl of the heritors of Currie
Parish in 1691 :-
Lord Ravelrig. Sir John Maitland of Ravelrig
was a senator of the College of Justice, 1689-17 10;
afterward fifth Earl of Lauderdale, who early joined
the Revolution party.
Robert Craig of Riccarton.
John Scott of Malleny.
Alexander Brand of Baberton
Charles Scott of Bavelaw.
Lawrence Cunningham of Balerno, whose family
William Chiesley of Cockburn.
About the niiddle of the last century an English
company endeavoured to work the vein of copper
ore at Eastmiln, but failing to make it profitable,
the attempt was abandoned.
Currie was celebrated in former days as the residence
of several eminent lawyers ; and, curiously
enough, the principal heritors were at one time
nearly all connected with the Court of Session.
Of these, the most eminent were the Skenes of
Curriehill, father and son, said, in the ? Old Statistical
Account,? to have been connected with the
royal family of Scotland.
John Skene of Curriehill came prominently forward
as an advocate in the reign of James VI. In
the year 1578 he appears in a case before the
Privy Council, connected with Hew Campbell of
Loudon, and others, as to the Provostship of the
town of Ayr, and in the following year as Prolocutor
for the magistrates of Stirling, in a case against the
craftsmen of that burgh.
In the year 1588 he was elected to accompany
Sir James Melville of Halhill, the eminent Scottish
memorialist, on a mission to the Court of Denmark.
?I told his Majesty? (James VI.), he records,
?that I would chuse to take with me for a lawyer
Mr. John Skeen. His Majesty said he judged
there were many better lawyers. I said he was best
acquainted with the German customs, and could
make them long harrangues in Latin, and that he
was good, true, and stout, like a Dutchman. Then
his Majesty was content that he should go with
me.?
This mission was concerning the marriage of
Anne of Denmark, and about the Orkney Isles.
In 1594 Sir John Skene of Curriehill was appointed
Lord Clerk Register, and in 1598 he seems
to have shared that office with his son James.
Three years before that he appears to have been an
Octavian-zs the eight lords commissioners, who
was for three centuries resident there. ... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Cunie. ? for provisions, and the enemy in confident expectation of starving them ...

Book 6  p. 334
(Score 0.51)

Holyrood.] ROYAT, MARRIAGES. 55
with the Dukes of Savoy and Burgundy. She
landed at Leith amid a vast concourse of all
classes of the people, and, escorted by a bodyguard
of 300 men-at-arms, all cap-d+e, with
the citizens also in their armour, under Patrick
Cockburn of Nevtbigging, Provost of Edinburgh
and Governor of the Castle, was escorted to the
monastery of the Greyfriars, where she was warmly
welcomed by her future husband, then in his
twentietb year, and was visited by the queenmother
on the following day.
The week which intervened between her arrival
and?her marriage was spent in a series of magnificent
entertainments, during which, from her great
beauty and charms of manner, she won the devoted
affection of the loyal nobles and people.
A contemporary chronicler has given a minute
account of one of the many chivalrous tournaments
that took place, in which three Burgundian nobles,
two of them brothers named Lalain, and the thud
HervC Meriadet, challenged any three Scottish
knights to joust with lance, battle-axe, sword, and
dagger, a defiance at once accepted by Sir James
Douglas, James Douglas of Lochleven, and Sir
John Ross of Halkhead, Constable of Renfrew.
Lances were shivered and sword and axe resorted
to with nearly equal fortune, till the king threw
down his truncheon and ended the combat.
The royal marriage, which took place in the
church at Holyrood amid universal joy, concluded
these stirring scenes. At the bridal feast the first
dish was in the form of a boar?s head, painted and
stuck full df tufts of coarse flax, served up on an
enormous platter, with thirty-two banners, bearing
the arms of the king and principal nobles ; and the
flax was set aflame, amid the acclamations of the
numerous assembly that filled the banquet-hall.
Ten years after Holyrood beheld a sorrowful
scene, when, in 1460, James, who had been slain
by the bursting of a cannon at the siege of Roxburgh
on the 3rd August, in his thirtieth year, was
laid in the royal vault, ?with the teares of his
people and his hail1 army,? says Balfour.
In 1467 there came from Rome, dated zznd
February, the bull of Pope Paul II., granting, on
the petition of the provost, bailies, and community
of the city, a con~mission to the Bishop of Galloway,
?et dilectojZio Abbafi Monasterii Sancta Cmcis mini
viuros de Rdynburgh,? to erect the Church of St.
Giles into a collegiate institution.
Two years afterwards Holyrood was again the
scene of nuptial festivities, when the Parliamen!
met, and Margaret of Norway, Denmark, and
Sweden, escorted by the Earl of Arran and a
gallant train of Scottish aad Danish nobles, landed
at Leith in July, 1469. She was in her sixteenth
year, and had as her dowry the isles of Orkney
and Shetland, over which her ancestors had hitherto
claimed feudal superiority. James III., her
husband, had barely completed his eighteenth
year when they were married in the abbey church,
where she was crowned queenconsort. ?? The marriage
and coronation gave occasion to prolonged
festivities in the metropolis and plentiful congratulations
throughout the kingdom. Nor was the
flattering welcome undeserved by the queen ; in the
bloom of youth and beauty, amiable and virtuous,
educated in all the feminine accomplishments of
the age, and so richly endowed, she brought as
valuable an accession of lustre to the court as of
territory to the kingdom.?
In 1477 there arrived ?heir in grate pompe,?
says Balfour, ?Husman, the legate of Pope
Xystus the Fourth,? to enforce the sentence of
deprivation and imprisonment pronounced by Hjs
Holiness upon Patrick Graham, Archbishop of St.
Andrews, an eminent and unfortunate dignitary of
the Church of Scotland. He was the first who
bore that rank, and on making a journey to Rome,
returned as legate, and thus gained the displeasure
of the king and of the clergy, who dreaded his
power. He was shut up in the monastery of Inchcolm,
and finally in the castle of Lochleven. Meanwhile,
in the following year, William Schivez, a
great courtier and favourite of the king, was
solemnly consecrated in Holyrood Church by the
papal legate, from whose hands he received a pall,
the ensign of archiepiscopal dignity, and with great
solemnity was proclaimed ?? Primate and Legate of
the realm of Scotland.? His luckless rival died
of a broken heart, and was buried in St. Serf?s
Isle, where his remains were recently discovered,
buried in a peculiar posture, with the knees drawn
up and the hands down by the side.
In 1531, when Robert Cairncross was abbot,
there occurred an event, known as ? the miracle of
John Scott,? which made some noise in its time.
This man, a citizen of Edinburgh, having taken
shelter from his creditors in the sanctuary of Holyrood,
subsisted there, it is alleged, for forty days
without food of any kind.
Impressed by this circumstance, of which some
exaggerated account had perhaps been given to
him, James V. ordered his apparel to be changed
and strictly searched. He ordered also that he
should be conveyed from Holyrood to a vaulted
room in David?s Tower in the castle, where he was
barred from access by all and closely guarded.
Daily a small allowance of bread and water were
placed before him, but he abstained from both for ... ROYAT, MARRIAGES. 55 with the Dukes of Savoy and Burgundy. She landed at Leith amid a vast concourse ...

Book 3  p. 55
(Score 0.51)

Waniston.] LORD WARRISTON. 99
family, the Laird of Dunipace ; but, owing to some
alleged ill-treatment, she grew estranged from him,
and eventually her heart became filled with a
deadly hatred.
An old and attached nurse began to whisper of
a means of revenge and relief from her married
thraldom, and thus she was induced to tamper
with a young man named Robert Weir, a servant
or vassal of her father at Dunipace, to become her
instrument.
At an early hour in the morning of the 2nd of
July, Weir came to the place of Warriston, and
being admitted by the lady to the chamber of her
husband, beat him to death with his clenched fists.
He then fled, while the lady and her nurse remained
at home. Both were immediately seized,
subjected to a summary trial of some kind before
the magistrates, and sentenced to death ; the lady
to have ? her heade struck frae her bodie ? at the
Canongate Cross.
In the brief interval between sentence and execution,
this unfortunate young girl, who was only
twenty-one, was brought, by the impressive discourse
of a good and amiable clergyman, from a
state of callous indifference to a keen sense of
her crime, and also of religious resignation. Her
case was reported in a small pamphlet of the day,
entitled, ?Memorial of the Conversion of Jean
Livingston (Lady Waniston), with an account of
her carriage at her execution ?-a dark chapter of
Edinburgh social history, reprinted by Charles
Kirkpatrick Sharpe. ?She stated, that on Weir
assaulting her husband, she went to the hall, and
waited till the deed was done. She thought she
still heard the pitiful cries uttered by her husband
while struggling with his murderer.? She tried to
. weep, but not a tear could she shed, and could
only regard her approaching death as a just expiation
of her crime.
Deeply mortified by the latter and its consequences,
her relations used every effort to secure
as much privacy as was possible for the execution;
hence it was arranged that while her nurse
was being burned on the Castle Hill at four o?clock
in the morning, thus attracting the attention of
all who might be out of bed at that time, Lady
Waniston should be taken to the Girth Cross, at
the east end of the town, and there executed by
the Maiden.
?The whole way as she went to the place,?
says the pamphlet referred to, ? she behaved herself
so cheerfully as if she was going to her
wedding, and not to her death. When she came
to the scaffold, and was carried up upon it, she
looked up to the Maiden with two longsome looks,
for she had never seen it before.
of her, to which all that saw her will bear record,
that her only countenance moved [sic, meaning
that its expression alone was touching], although
she had not spoken a word; for there appeared
such majesty in her countenance and visage, and
such a heavenly courage in gesture, that many
said, ?That woman is gifted with a higher spirit
than any man or woman?s! ??
She read an address to the spectators at the four
corners of the scaffold, and continued to utter
expressions of devotion till the swift descent of
the axe decapitated her. Balfour, in his ?Annals,?
gives the year 1599 as the date of this tragedy.
Four years after Weir was taken, and on the
26th January, 1606, was broken on the wheel, a
punishment scarcely ever before inflicted in Scotland.
In the year 1619 Thomas Kincaid of Wamston
was returned heir to his father Patrick Kincaid of
Warriston, in a tenement in Edinburgh. This was
probably the property that was advertised in the
Couranf of 1761, as about to be sold, ?that
great stone tenement of land lying at the head of
the old Bank Close, commonly called Warriston?s
Land, south side of the Lawn Market, consisting
of three bedchambers, a dining-room, kitchen, and
garret.? There is no mention of a drawing-room,
such apartments being scarcely known in the Edinburgh
of those days.
In 1663 another proprietor of Warriston came
to a tragic end, and to him we have already referred
in our account of Waniston?s Close.
This was Sir Archibald Johnston, who was known
as Lord Warriston in his legal capacity. He wag
an advocate of 1633. In 1641 he was a Lord of
Session. He was made Lord Clerk Register by
Cromwell, who also created him a peer,under the title
of Lord Wamston, and as such he sat for a time
in the Upper House in Parliament. After the
Restoration he was forfeited, and fled, but was
brought to Edinburgh and executed at the Marke
Cross, as we have recorded in Chapter XXV. ct.
Volume I.
Wodrow, in his ?History of the Church of
Scotland,? states that Wamston?s memoirs, in his
handwriting, in the form of a diary, are still extant ;
if so, they have never seen the light. His character,
admirably drawn in terse language by his nephew,
Bishop Burnet, is thus given in the U History of his
Own Times,? Vol. 1.:-
? Waniston was my own uncle. He was a man of
great application ; could seldom sleep above three
hours in the twenty-four. He studied the law
carefully, and had a great quickness of thought,
This I may say ,
.
* ... LORD WARRISTON. 99 family, the Laird of Dunipace ; but, owing to some alleged ill-treatment, she grew ...

Book 5  p. 99
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Leith.] DEATH OF JAMES 111. 201
1488-he embarked in one of Sir Andrew?s ships
then anchored in the Roads of Leith, and landed
from it in Fifeshire. As the Admiral had been lying
there for some time, intending to sail to Flanders,
the Barons, now in arms against the Crown, spread
a report that James had fled, surprised the castle
of Dunbar, furnished themselves with arms and
ammunition out of the royal arsenal, ? and,? says
Abercrombie, ? overran the three Lothians and
the Merse, rifling and plundering all honest men.?
In April, 1488, the king re-crossed the Forth in
the admiral?s ship, and, marching past Stirling,
pitched his standard near Blackness, where his
army mustered thirty thousand, and some say
forty thousand, strong, but was disbanded after an
indecisive skirmish. Fresh intrigues ensued that
belong to general history; two other armies, in
all amounting to nearly seventy thousand men,
took the field James 111. had no alternative but
to take flight in the ships of Wood, then cruising
in the Forth, or to resort to the sword on the 11th
June, 1488.
His army took up a position near the Bum of
Sauchie, while ?? Sir Andrew Wood, attending to
the fortune of war, sailed up the silver winding of
the beautiful river with the FZmw and YelZow
CaraveZ, and continued during the whole of that
cloudless day to cruise between dusky Alloa and
the rich Carse of Stirling, then clothed im all the
glory of summer.? On the right bank of the river
he kept several boats ready to receive the king if
defeat-as it eventually did-fell upon him, and
he often landed, with his brothers John and Robert
and a body of men, to yield any assistance in his
power.
While attempting to reach the ships James was
barbarously slain, and was lying dead in a mill
that still stands by the wayside, when rumour went
that he had reached the YeZZow Caravd Thus
Wood received a message in the name of the Duke
of Rothesay (afterwards James IV.), as to the truth
of this story; but Sir Andrew declared that the
king was not with him, and refilsed to go on shore,
when invited, without hostages for his own safety.
The Lords Fleming and Seaton came on board
in this capacity, and landing at Leith the admiral
was conducted to the presence of the Prince, who
was then a captive and tool in the hands of the
rebels, and only in his sixteenth year. Wood was
arrayed in handsome armour, and so dignified was
he in aspect, and so much did he resemble the
king his master, that the Prince, who had seen little
of the latter, shed tears, and said, timidly-
?? Sir, are you my father? ?
. Then this true old Scottish mariner, heedless of
123
the titled crowd which regarded him with bitter
hostility, and touched to the heart by the question,
also burst into tears, and said-
? I am not your father, but his faithful servant,
and the enemy of all who have occasioned his
downfall ! ?
? Where is the king, and who are those you took
on board after the battle?? demanded several of
the rebel lords.
?? As for the king, I know nothing of him. Finding
our efforts to fight for or to save him vain, my
brother and I returned to our ships.? He added,
says Buchanan, ?that if the king were alive he
would obey none but him; ,and that if slain, he
would revenge him ! ?
He then went off to the ships, but just in time
to save the hostages, whom his impatient brothers
were about to hang at the yard-arm. The lords
now wanted the mariners of Leith to arm their
ships, and attack Wood; but, to a man, they
declined.
In the early part of 1489 Henry of England, to
make profit out of the still disturbed state of Scotland,
sent five of his largest ships to waste and burn
the sea-coast villages of Fife and the Lothians ; and
the young James IV., in wrath at these proceedings,
requested Sir Andrew Wood to appear before the
Privy Council and take measures to curb the outrages
of the English.
He at once undertook to attack them ; but James,
as they outnumbered him by three, advised him to
equip more vessels.
?? No: he replied,? ?? I shall only take my own
two-the FZower and the Jl?ellow Carard.?
Accordingly, .with the first fair wind on a day in
February, he dropped down the Firth, and found
the plunder-laden English vessels hovering off
Dunbar, and which Tytler surmises to have been
pirates, as they came in time of truce. Wood at
once engaged them, and after an obstinate conflict,
of which no details are preserved, he brought them
all prizes into Leith. He presented their captains
to the young king, who now further rewarded him on
the 11th March, 1490, with the lands of Balbegnoth,
the superiority of Inchkeith, the lands of
Dron and Newbyrn ; and by a charter under the
Great Seal, 18th May, 1491, he granted to Sir
Andrew Wood ? license to build a castfe at Largo
with gates of iron as a reward for the great services
done and losses sustained by the said Andrew, and
for those services which there was no doubt he
would yet render.? This castle, fragments of which
yet remain, he appears to have built, with some
adjacent houses, by the hands of English pirates
whom he had captured at sea; and the coat ... DEATH OF JAMES 111. 201 1488-he embarked in one of Sir Andrew?s ships then anchored in the Roads of ...

Book 6  p. 201
(Score 0.5)

226 OLD AKD NEW EDINBURGH. [High Street,
Europe or America as a handy yet comprehensive
book of ready reference, and of which the learned
and ingenious Dr. Andrew Findlater acted as editor.
In 1849 William purchased the estate of Glenormiston,
and ten years after made a valuable gift
to his native town, in the form of a suite of buildings,
including a public reading-room, a good
library, lecture-hall, museum, and art gallery, designated
the ?Chambers Institution ;? and in 1864
he issued his ?History of Peeblesshire,? an able
example of local annals. In 1865 he was elected
Lord Provost of Edinburgh, and inaugurated the
great architectural improvements set afoot in the
more ancient parts of the city ; and in 1872 the
University conferred upon him the degree of
LL.D. I
In 1860-1 the brothers projected that important
work which gave Robert Chambers his death-blow
-? The Book of Days : a Miscellany of Popular
Antiquities in connection with the Calendar, including
Anecdote, Biography, History, Curiosities of
Literature, &c., SLc.,? a large work, in two volumes
of 840 pages each. Disappointed in promised
literary aid, Robert wqs compelled to perform the
@eater part of this work alone, and during the
winter of 186r-2 ?he might be seen every day in
the British Museum, working hard at this fatal
book; The mental strain broke him down;
domestic bereavements aggravated the effects of
ill-health, and with it, though he lived to finish his
?Life of Smollett,? his literary career closed. He
died at St. Andrews in the beginning of the year
1870.?
Still hale and healthy, and as full of intellectual
vigour as when he handled the old printing press
in his little shop in Leith Walk, William?s pen was
yet busy, and produced, in 1860, ?The Youth?s
Companion and Counsellor;? in 1862, ?? Something
of Italy: in 1870, ?Wintering at Mentone p in
1871, ?? France, its History and Revolutions f
and, in 1872, an affectionate ?Memoir? of his
brother Robert, and ?Ailie Gilroy,? a simple and
pathetic little story.
? In reviewing the life of this eminent publisher,?
says a writer in the Nafiond Forfraif GaZlery,
<? one may say that he has so lived as to teach the
world how the good old-fashioned commonplace
virtues can be exalted into the loftiest range of
moral heroism ; that he has left on record a grand
and manly example of self-help which time can
never obliterate from the admiring memory of
succeeding generations. Life has to him been a
sacred trust, to be used for helping on the advancement
of humanity, and for aiding the diffusion of
knowledge. The moral to be drawn from his
biography is that, with macly self-trust, with high
and noble aims, with fair education, and with
diligence, a man may, no matter how poor he be
at the outset of his career, struggle upwards and
onwards to fill a high social position, and enjoy no
ordinary share of earthly honours and possessions.?
At the establishment of the Messrs. Chambers
fully two hundred hands are constantly employed,
and their premises in Warriston Close (which have
also an entrance from the High Street) form one of
the interesting sights in the city.
Lower down the-Close stood a large and handsome
house, having a Gothic niche at its entrance,
which was covered with armorial bearings and many
sorely obliterated inscriptions, of which onlythe fragment
of one was traceable-Gracia Dei Thomas 1:
This was the town residence of Sir Thomas
Craig of Riccarton, a man of eminent learning and
great nobility of character, and who practised as
a lawyer for fully forty years, during the stormy
reigns of Mary and James VI. In 1564 he was
made Justice Depute, and found time to give to
the world some very able poems-one on the birth
of James, and another on his departure for England,
are preserved in the DeZifiG Poefamm Scofurwi.
He steadily refused the honour of knighthood, yet
was always called Sir Thomas Craig, in conforniity
to a royal edict on the subject.
He wrote a treatise on the independent sovereignty
of Scotland, which was rendered into
wretched English by Ridpath, and published in
1675. He was Advocate for the Church, when he
died at Edinburgh, on the 26th of February, r608,
and was succeeded in the old house, as well as his
estate, by his eldest son, Sir Lewis Craig, born in
1569, and called to the bench in 1604, as Lord
Wrightslands, while his father was still a pleader at
the bar. After his time his house had as occupiers,
first Sir George Urquhart of Cromarty, and next
Sir Robert Baird, Bart., of Saughton Hall, who died
in 1714.
But by far the most celebrated residenter in this
venerable alley was he who gave it the name it
bears, Sir Archibald Johnston Lord Warriston,
whose estate, still so named, lies eastward of Inverleith
Row. The son of Johnston of Beirholm
(once a merchant in Edinburgh), by his wife Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir Thomas Craig (above mentioned),
this celebrated lawyer, subtle statesman,
and somewhat juggling politician, was called to the
bar in 1633, and would appear to have purchased
from his cousin, Sir Lewis Craig, a house in the
close, adjoining his own.
In 1637 he began to take a prominent part in
the bitter disputes of the period, and Bishop Bur ... OLD AKD NEW EDINBURGH. [High Street, Europe or America as a handy yet comprehensive book of ready reference, ...

Book 2  p. 226
(Score 0.5)

74 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [The Water of Leith.
After this, no one attempted to break into his
grounds.
No. 29, Anne Street, was for years the residence
of ?? Christopher North,? before his removal to
No. 6, Gloucester Place. ? Towards the end of the
winter of 1819,?? says Mrs. Gordon, in her memoir
of him, ?? my father, with his wife and children, five
in number, left his mother?s house, 53, Queen
Street, and set up his household gods in a small
and somewhat inconvenient house in Anne Street.
This little street, which forms the culminating
point of the suburb of Stockbridge, was at that
time quite out of fown, and is still a secluded
place, overshadowed by the tall houses of Eton
Terrace and Clarendon Crescent. In withdrawing
from the more fashionable part of Edinburgh, they
did not, however, exclude themselves from the
pleasures of social intercourse with the world. In
Anne Street they found a pleasant little community,
that made residence there far from distasteful. The
seclusion of the locality made it then-as it still
seeins to Se-rather a favourite quarter with literary
men and artists.?
While here, in the following year, her father
was elected Professor of Moral Philosophy in the
University of Edinburgh ; while here he wrote his
pathetic ?? Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life,?
and many of his finest contributions to BZackzewod?s
Magazine. . Here it was that many a pleasant
literary and artistic reunion took place under his
hospitable roof, with such men as Sir William
Hamilton; Captain Hamilton of the 29th Regiment,
his brother, and author of ? Cyril Thornton,? &c. ;
Galt, Hogg, and J. G. Lockhart; Sir Henry Raeburn,
the future Sir William Allan, R.A., and the
future Sir John Watson Gordon, P.R.S.A., who resided
successively in Nos. 17 and 27, Anne Street ;
De Quincey, and others. In 1829 the latter made
a very prptracted stay at Anne Street, and Mrs.
Gordon thus describes the daily routine of the
famous opium-eater there :-
?An ounce of laudanum per diem prostrated
animal life in the early part of the day. It was no
unfrequent sight to find him in his room lying upon
the rug in front of the fire, his head resting upon
a book, with his arms crossed over his breast, in
profound slumber. For several hours he would lie
in this state, till the torpor passed away. The time
when he was most brilliant was generally towards
the early morning hours; and then, more than
once, in order to show him 06 my father arranged
his supper parties, so that, sitting till three or four
in the morning, he brought Mr. De Quincey to that
point at which, in charm and power of conversation,
he was so truly wonderful?
His invariable diet was coffee, boiled rice, and
milk, with a slice of mutton from the loin, and
owing to his perpetual dyspepsia, he had a daily
audience with the cook, who had a great awe of
him. De Quincey died at Edinburgh on the 8th
of December, 1859.
In No. 41, Anne Street, the house of his father
(Captain Tulloch, of the 7th Royal Veteran Battalion),
lived, all the earlier years of his life, Colonel
Alexander Tulloch, that officer whose sagacity,
energy, and decision of character, were so admirably
evinced by the manner in which he instituted
and prosecuted an inquiry into the blunders and
commissariat disorders connected with our campaign
in the Crimea.
NO. 42, Anne Street was, in 1825, the property
of Howiason Crawfurd, of Crawfurdland and Braehead,
who performed the feudal homage with the
basin to George IV. in ISZZ, and concerning whose
family the old ? Statistical Accounts ? in I 7 92 says :
-:?It is a singular circumstance in regard to the
Crawfurdland family that its present representative
is the twenty-first lineally descended from the
original stock, without the intervention of even a
second brother.??
Robert Chambers, LL.D., who, before he had
risen to wealth and position, had lived at one time
in No. 4, India Place (now No. 4, Albert Place),
Stockbridge, dwelt for some years in the central
block on the east side of Anne Street, from whence
he removed to Doune Terrace.
James Ballantyne, Scott?s printer, possessed a
house in Anne Street, which he sold for &ioo at
the time of the famous bankruptcy.
One of the leading features in this locality is St.
Bernard?s Well, of which we find a notice in the
Edinburgh Advertiser for April 27th, 1764, which
states :--?As many people have got benefit from
using of the water of St. Bernard?s Well in the
neighbourhood of this city, there has been such
demand for lodgings this season that there is not
so much as one room to be had either at the Water
of Leith or its neighbourhood.? .
In the council-room of Heriot?s Hospital there
is an exquisitely carved mantelpiece, having a circular
compartment, ?enclosing a painting, which
represents a tradition of the hospital, that three of
its boys, while playing on the bank of the Leith,
discovered the mineral spring now bearing the
name of St. Bernard?s Well.
This was some time before the year 1760, as
the Scots Magazine for that year speaks of the
mineral well ? lately discovered between the Water
of Leith and Stockbridge, which is said to be equal
in quality to any of the most famous in Britain.? ... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [The Water of Leith. After this, no one attempted to break into his grounds. No. 29, ...

Book 5  p. 74
(Score 0.5)

secluded character of the place inust have been
destroyed. ?? Queen Mary granted the gardens of
-the Greyfriars? monastery to the citizens in the
year 1566, to be used as a cemetery, and from
that period the old burial-place seems to have
and are now said to be among the miscellaneous
collections at Holyrood. Begun in 1632, the hall
with its adjacent buildings took seven years to
erect; but subsequently the external portions of
the edifice were almost totally renewed. Howell,
the citizens forgot that their Exchange was built
over their fathers? graves.? Yet within six years
after Queen Mary?s gr.ant, Knox was interred in
the old burial-ground. ?Before the generation
had passed away that witnessed and joined in his
funeral service,? says the author of ? Memorials of
Edinburgh,? ?the churchyard in which they laid
him had been converted into a public thoroughfare !
We fear this want of veneration must be regarded
as a national Characteristic which Knox assisted
to call into existence, and to which we owe much
of the reckless demolition of those time-honoured
monuments of the past which it is sow thought a
weakness to deplore.?
As a churchyard in name it last figures in 1596
as the scene of a tumult in which John Earl of
Mar, John Bothwell, Lord Holyroodhouse, the
Lord Lindsay, and others, met in their armour,
and occasioned some trouble ere they could be
pacified. It was the scene of all manner of rows,
when club-law prevailed ; where exasperated litigants,
sick of ?the law?s delays,? ended the matter
by appeal to sword and dagger ; and craftsmen and
apprentices quarrelled with the bailies and deacons.
It has been traditionally said that many of the
tombstones were removed to the Greyfriars? churchyard;
if such was the case no inscriptions remain
built here lately,? and regretting that Charles I. did
not inaugurate it in person, he adds that ?they
did ill who advised him otherwise.? The time
had come when old Scottish raids were nearly past,
and when revolutions had their first impulse, not
in the battle-field, but in deliberative assemblies ;
thus the Parliament that transferred its meetings
from the old Tolbooth to the new House in 1639
had to vote ?? the sinews of war ? for an aymy
against England, under Sir Alexander Leslie, and
was no less unprecedented in its constitution and
powers than the place in which it assembled was a
new edifice. Outside of a wooden partition in the
hall was an oak pulpit, where a sermon was preached
at the opening of parliament; and behind was a
small gallery, where the public heard the debates
of the House.
To thousands who never saw or could have
seen it the external aspect of the old Parliament
House has been rendered familiar by Gordon?s
engravings, and more particularly by the view of it
on the bank notes of Sir William Forbes and Co.
Tradition names Inigo Jones as the architect, bit
of this there is not a vestige of proof. It was
highly picturesque, and possessed an individuality
that should have preserved it from the iconoclastic
?improvers? of 1829. ?There was a quaint
The Parliament Hall, which was finished in
1639, at the expense of the citizens, costing
A11,600 of the money of that time, occupies a
considerable portion of the old churchyard, and
possesses a kind of simple grandeur ? belonging
to an anterior age. Its noblest feature is the roof,
sixty feet in height, which rests on ornamental
brackets consisting of boldly sculptured heads,
and is formed of dark oak tie-and-hammer beams
with cross braces, producing a general effect suggestive
of the date of Westminster or of Crosby
Hall. Modern corridors that branch out from it
are in harmony with the old hall, and lead to the
various court rooms and the extensive libraries of
the Faculty of Advocates and the Society of
Writers to the Signet. The hall measures 122 feet
in length by 49 in breadth, and was hung of old
with tapestry and portraits of the kings of Scotland,
some by Sir Godfrey Kneller. These were bestowed,
in 1707, by Queen Anne, on the Earl of Mar,
?
we are told, ?and the rude elaborateness of its
decorations, that seemed to link it with the courtiers
I of Holyrood in the times of the Charleses, and its
last gala days under the Duke of York?s viceregency.
Nothing can possibly be conceived more
meaningless and utterly absurd than the thing that
superseded it ?-a square of semi-classic buildings,
supported by a narrow arcade, and surmounted by
stone sphinxes.
Above the old main entrance, which faced the
east, and is now completely blocked up and hidden,
were the royal arms of Scotland, beautifully
sculptured, supported on the right by Mercy holding
a crown wreathed with laurel, and on the
left by Justice, with a palm branch and balance,
with the inscription, Stant his feZiciin r p a , and
underneath the national arms, the motto, Uni
unionurn. Over the smaller doorway, which forms
the present access to the lofty lobby of the House,
were the arms of the city, between sculptured ... character of the place inust have been destroyed. ?? Queen Mary granted the gardens of -the Greyfriars? ...

Book 1  p. 158
(Score 0.49)

2 1 9 Fountainbridge.] INDIA-RUBBER COMPANY.
flesher would venture to kill any beast till all the
different parts were bespoke, butcher meat being
then a very unsaleable article.?
At the southern extremity of Fountainbridge
stood, till within the last few years, an antique villa,
a little way back from the road, named Bainfield,
for years the residence of an old and well-known
citizen, Bain Whyt, a W.S. of I 789, who was senior
lieutenant and afterwards adjutant of the First
Edinburgh Volunteers formed in 1794, and who
is still remembered in Edinburgh as the founder
of the Wagering Club in 1775. Yearly, on the
night of the 30th January, the members of this
club meet and solemnly drink to the memory
of ?? Old Bain Whyt,? in whose honour songs are
occasionally sung, the character of which may be
gathered from the following two verses of one sung
at the ninetieth anniversary :-
?? Come all ye jolly wagerers, and listen unto me,
And I will sing a little song, composed in memorie
Of the fine old Scottish gentleman, who in 1775,
Did plant the tree that still we see, right hearty and
alive.
Chorus-Right hearty and alive,
In this its ninetieth year !
With mirth and hearty cheer !
?Ihen drink to-night, to old Bain Whyt,
6? When haughty Gaul did fiercely crow and threaten swcird
Bain Whyt among the foremost rose to guard our native
A soldier good, full armed he stood, for home and
The pattern of a Ioyal man, a British volunteer !
in hand,
land ;
country dear,
Chorus-A British volunteer,
And an adjutant was he !
To him with three times three ! ?
Then fill the cup, and quaff it up,
The wagers, for small sums, a bottle of wine, a
dinner, perhaps, are made on the probable course
of current public events. They are then noted and
sealed up, to be opened and read from the chair
that night twelvemonth-the club holding no meetings
in the interim ; and the actual results are often
so far wide of all human speculation as to excite
both amusement and interest.
North of Bainfield, in what is still called Gilmore
Park, are two of the largest and finest manufactories
of India-rubber in the world, and the operations
conducted therein illustrate most ably the
nature and capabilities of caoutchouc. They stand
near each other on the western bank of the Union
Canal, and belong respectively to the North British
Rubber Company, and the Scottish Vulcanite
Company.
In 1855 an enterprising American brought to
Edinburgh the necessary capital and machinery
for an India-rubber manufactory, and acquired
possession of a great quadrangular block of fine
buildings, known as the Castle Silk Mills, which
had long been vacant, the projectors having failed
in their expectations. This edifice consists of two
large blocks of five floors each, with a number of
adjacent buildings.
Here the India-rubber arrives in different forms,
according to the fashion of the countries that produce
it, some shaped like quaint bottles, and some
in balls, of five inches diameter, and it is carefully
examined with a view to the detection of foreign
substances before it is subjected to the processes of
manufacture. After being softened in hot water,
the balls are crushed into thin pieces between
cylinders, the rubber being sent through and
through again and again, until it is thoroughly
crushed and assumes the form of a web. If further
reduction is necessary, it is sent through a third
set of rollers, and to rid it completely of foreign
matter, leaves or bark, &c., washing and cleansing
machines are employed. So adhesive is its nature,
that cleansing would prove abortive in a dry state,
and consequently jets of water flow constantly on
the rubber and cylinders when the machines referred
to are in operation. After being thus
cleansed, the webs are hung in the warm atmosphere
of the drying-room for several weeks.
From thence they are taken to ?? the mill,? which
occupies two entire floors of the main building.
The grinding machines; to the operation af which
the rubber is subjected, consist of two cylinders,
one of which is moderately heated by steam, and
the webs formed by the washing-machines are kept
revolving round and round the cylinders, until the
material becomes quite plastic. At this stage, sulphur,
or other chemical substances, are incorporated
with it, to determinate its ultimate character, and it
is then made up into seven or eight pound rolls,
while all further treatment depends upon the purpose
to which it is to be applied.
Great is the variety of goods produced here.
One of the upper floors is occupied by shoemakers
alone. There boots and shoes of all sizes are
made, but more especially the goloshes for wearing
over them; another floor is occupied by the makers
of coats, leggings, cushions, bags, and so forth. The ?
light-coloured coats foi India are the finest articles
made here.
The North British Rubber Company have paid
much attention to that department which includes
the manufacture of mbes, springs, washers, drivingbelts,
tires for wheels, &c They made the latter
for the wheels of the road steamer invented by
Rfr. R W. Thomson, of Edinburgh-huge rings of ... 1 9 Fountainbridge.] INDIA-RUBBER COMPANY. flesher would venture to kill any beast till all the different parts ...

Book 4  p. 219
(Score 0.49)

282 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [High Street.
style, with many ornate gables, dormer windows,
%ut was a second time stolen ; and in the strangulation
on the scaffold, and the being fouricl in a
ditch among water, the superstitious saw retributive
justice for the murder of which he was
assumed to be guilty. ? I t will be acknowledged,?
says the author of the ? Domestic Annals,?
?that in the circumstances related there is not a
particle of valid evidence against the young man.
The surgeons? opinion as to the fact of strangulation
is not entitled to much regard ; but, granting
its solidity, it does not prove the guilt of the ac-
.cused. The horror of the young man on seeing
his father?s blood might be referred to painful recol-
Jections of that profligate conduct which he knew
had distressed his parent, and brought his grey
hairs with sorrow to the grave-especially when we
reflect that Stanfield would himself be impressed
with the superstitious feelings of the age, and might
.accept the hzmorrhage as an accusation by heaven
on account of the concern his conduct had in
shortening the life of his father. The whole case
:seems to be a lively illustration of the effect of
superstitious feelings in blinding justice.?
We have thus traced the history of the High
Street and its closes down once more to the
Nether Bow.
In the World?s End Close Lady Lawrence was
a residenter in 1761, and Lady Huntingdon in 1784,
and for some years after the creation of the New
Town, people of position continued to linger in the
Old Town and in the Canongate. And from Peter
Williamson?s curious little ?? Directory ? for 1784,
we can glean a few names, thus :-
I Scottish gentleman, who, though he did not partici-
Lady Mary Carnegie, in Bailie Fyfe?s Close;
Lady Colstoun and the Hon. Alexander Gordon,
on the Castle Hill; General Douglas, in Baron
Maule?s Close; Lady Jean Gordon, in the Hammerman?s
Close; Sir James Wemyss, in Riddle?s
Close; Sir John Whiteford of that ilk, in the
Anchor Close ; Sir Jameg Campbell, in the Old
Bank Close; Erskine of Cardross, in the Horse
Wynd ; Lady Home, in Lady Stair?s Close.
In Monteith?s Close, in 1794, we find in the
? Scottish Hist. Register for 1795 recorded the
death of Mr. John Douglas, Albany herald, uncle
of Sir Andrew Snape Douglas, who was captain of
the Queen CharZoffe, of IIO guns, and who fought
her so valiantly in Lord Bridport?s battle on ? the
glonous 23rd of June, 1795.? The house occupied
?by Lady Rothiemay in Turk?s Close, below
Liberton?s Wynd, was advertised for sale in the
Couranf of 1761 ; and there lived, till his death in
1797, James Nelson, collector of the Ministers?
Widows? Fund.
In Morrison?s Close in 1783, we find one of the
most fashionable modisfes of Edinburgh announcing
in the Adverfiser of that year, that she is from ?one
of the most eminent houses in London,? and that
her work is finished in the newest fashions :-
? Chemize de Lorraine, Grecian Robes, Habit Bell,
Robe de Coure, and Levites, different kinds, all in
the most genteel and approved manner, and on the
most reasonable terms.?
In the same year, the signboard of James and
Francis Jeffrey, father and uncle of Lord Jeffrey,
still hung in the Lawnmarket.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
NEW STREETS WITHIN THE AREA OF THE FLODDEN WALL.
h r d ?Cockburn Street-Lord Cockburn-The Scotsmun NewspapeFCharles Maclaren and Alexander Russel-The Queen?s Edinburgh
Rifle Brigade-St. Giles Street-Sketch of the Rise d Journalism in Edinburgh-The EdinQxrgk Courunt-The Daily Rnrieur-Jelfrey
Street-New Trinity College Church
THE principal thoroughfare, which of late years has
been run through the dense masses of the ancient
alleys we have been describing, is Lord Cockburn
Street, which was formed in 1859, and strikes
northward from the north-west corner of Hunter?s
Square, to connect the centre of the 012 city with
-the railway terminus at Waverley Bridge ; it goes
curving down a comparatively steep series of slopes,
and is mainly edificed in the Scottish baronial
lofty tenements in many of the closes that descend
from the north side of the High Street, and was
very properly named after Lord Cockburn, one
entitled to special remembrance on many accounts,
and for the deep interest he took in all matters
connected with his birthplace. When he died,
in April, 1854, he was one of the best and kindliest
of the old school of ?Parliameht House Whigs,?
and was a thorough, honest, shrewd, and benevolent
and conical turrets, high over all of which towers
. the dark and mighty mass of the Royal Exchange.
This new street expdses aromantic section of the
pate to any extent in the literary labours of his
contemporaries, has left behind him an interesting
volume of ? Memorials.? Many can yet recall his ... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [High Street. style, with many ornate gables, dormer windows, %ut was a second time ...

Book 2  p. 282
(Score 0.49)

258 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Leith
helmet, now preserved in the Antiquarian Museum
-and the entrance gate or archway on the north
side of Couper Street. It is elliptical, goes the
whole depth of the original rampart, and has had
a portcullis, but is only nine feet high from the
keystone to the ground, which must have risen
here ; and in the Advertiser for 1789 (No. 2,668),
it is recorded that, ? On Monday last, as a gentleman?s
coach was driving through an arch of the
citadel at Leith, the coachman, not perceiving the
lowness of the arch, was unfortunately killed.?
?( Many still living,? says Wilson, writing in 1847,
?can remember when this arch (with the house
now built above it) stood on the open beach, though
now a wide space intervenes between it and the
docks ; and the Mariners? Church, as well as a long
range of substantial houses in Commercial Street,
have been erected on the recovered land?
After the Restoration a partial demolition of the
citadel and sale of its materials began ; thus, it is
stated in the Records of Heriot?s Hospital, that
the ?Town Council, on 7th April, 1673, ?unanimously
understood that the Kirk of the citadel1 (of
Leith), and all that is therein, both timber, seats,
steeple, stone and glass work, be made use of and
used to the best avail for reparation of the hospital
chapel, and ordains the treasurer of the hospital
to see the samyn done with all conveniency.?
Maitland describes the citadel as having been of
pentagonal form, with five bastions, adding that it
cost the city ?no less a sum than LII,OOO,? thus
we must suppose that English money contributed
largely to its erection. On its being granted to the
Earl of Lauderdale by the king, the former sold it
to the city for &5,000, and the houses within were
sold or let to various persons, whose names occur
in various records from time to time.
A glass-house, for the manufacture of bottles, is
announced in the ?? Kingdom?s Intelligence,? under
date 1663, as having been ?? erected in the citadel
of Leith by English residents,? for the manufacture
of wine and beer glasses, and mutchkin and chopin
bottles. .
On this, a writer remarks that it will at once
strike the reader there is a curious conjunction here
of Scottish and English customs. Beer, under its
name, was previously unknown in Scotland, and
mutchkins and chopins never figured in any table
of English measures.
Among those who dwelt in the citadel, and had
houses there, we may note the gallant Duke of
Gordon, who defended the Castle of Edinburgh in
~688-9 against FVilliam of Orange, ?and died at
his residence in the citadel of Leith in 1716.?
A large and commodious dwelling-house there,
?lately belonging to and possest by the Lady
Bruce, with an agreeable prospect,? having thirteert
fire rooms, stables, and chaise-house, is announced
for sale in the Courant for October, 1761,
In the Advertiser for December, 1783, the house
of Sir William Erskine there is announced as to let ;
the drawingroom thirty-one feet by nineteen j (? a
small field for a cow may be had if wanted; the
walks round the house make almost a circuit round
the citadel, and, being situated cZose to the sea, command
a most pleasing view of the shipping in the
Forth.?
In the HeraZd and ChronicZe for 1800 ?the
lower half of the large house ? last possessed by
Lady Eleonora Dundas is advertised to let; but
even by the time Kincaid wrote his ?( Hktory,? such
aristocratic residents had given place to the keepers
of summer and bathing quarters, for which last the
beach and its vicinity gave every facility.
Mr. Campbell?s house (lately possessed by Major
Laurenson), having eight rooms, with stabling, is
announced as bathing quarters in the Advertiser
of 1802.
North Leith Sands, adjacent to the citadel,
existed till nearly the formation of the old docks.
In 1774, John Milne, shipmaster from Banff,
was found on them drowned ; and the Scots Magazine
for the same year records that on ?Sunday,
December 4, a considerable damage was done to
the shipping in Leith harbour by the tide, which
rose higher than it has ever been known for many
years. The stone pier was damaged, some houses
in the citadel suffered, and a great part of the
bank from that place to Newhaven was swept
away. The magistrates and Town Council af
Edinburgh, on the zIst, were pleased to order
twenty guineas to be given to the Master of the
Trinity House of Leith, to be distributed among
the sufferers.?
Wilson, quoting Campbell?s ?History of Leith,?
says : ?? Not only can citizens remember when the
spray of the sea billows was dashed by the east
wind against the last relic of the citadel, that
now stands so remote from the rising tide, but it
is only about sixty years since a ship was wrecked
upon the adjoining beach, and went to pieces,
while its bowsprit kept beating against the walls
of the citadel at every surge of the rolling waves,
that forced it higher on the strand.?
This anecdote is perhaps corroborated by the
following, which we find in the Edinburgh Herald
for December, 1800 :-(?On Friday last, as the
sloop ITmIeavour, of Thurso, Lye11 master, from
the Highlands, laden with kelp and other goods,
was taking the harbour of Leith, she struck the ... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Leith helmet, now preserved in the Antiquarian Museum -and the entrance gate or ...

Book 6  p. 258
(Score 0.49)

High Street.3 CHANGES IN THE HIGH STREET. 203
Mortality,? I 7041 gives us the long inscription on the
tomb of the Colonel?s wife, in the Greyfriars, beginning
:-? Nic $osita Rdiquire Lectissrna rnatronq
Jeanne ]ohnsone, conizcgl?s Archibaldi Row, Re@
Scloppetarz>rum, hpmzis,? &c. She died in
1702.
On the 8th of March Anne was proclaimed
Queen of Scotland, at the Cross, with all the usual
solemnities.
In January, 1703, George Young, merchant in
the High Street, was appointed by the Provost, Si1
Hugh Cunningham, and the Council, to act a
a constable, and along with several other citizen:
of respectable position, ? oversee the manners and
order of the burgh, and the inhabitants thereof,
and on the evening of the 24th, being Sunday, he
went through some parts of the city to see ?that
the Lord?s day, and the laws made for the observance
thereof, were not violated.? ? In the house
of Marjory Thom, a vintner, this new official found,
about 10 P.M., several companies in several rooms,
and expostulated with her on the subject, aftei
which, according to his own account, he quietly
withdrew.
As he proceeded up the close to the High Street,
he and his comrades were followed by Mr. Archi.
bald Campbell, son of the Lord Niel Campbell,
who warned him that if he reported Marjory?s
house to the magistrates, he would repent it. This
affair ended in a kind of riot next day, in Young?:
shop, opposite the Town Guard House, and Campbell
would probably have slain Young, had not the
latter contrived to get hold of his sword and keep
it till the Guard came, and the matter was brought
before the Privy Council, when such was the
influence of family and position, that the luckless
Mr. Young was fined 400 merks, to be paid to
Campbell, and to be imprisoned till the money
was forthcoming.
On the 14th of February, 1705, appeared tlie
first number of the Bdinbwgh Courant, a simple
folio broadsheet, published by James Watson, in
Craig?s Close. Its place was afterwards taken by
MacEwen?s Rdifzburgh Evening Courant, in I 7 18,
a permanent success to this day. It was a Whig
print, and caused the starting of the now defunct
Caledonkn Mercury, in the Jacobite interest,
a little quarto of two leaves.
According to the Courant of April gth, 1724 the
denizens of the High Street, aud other greater
thoroughfares, were startled by ?a bank ? of drums,
beating up for recruits for the King of Prussia?s
-
gigantic regim?ent of Grenadiers. Two guineas as
bounty were offered, and many tall fellows were
enlisted. The same regiment was recruited for
in Edinburgh in 1728.
By the year 1730 great changes had been
effected by the magistrates in enforcing cleanliness
in the streets, and repressing the habit (accompanied
by the temble cry of Gardezl?eau) of throwing slops
and rubbish from the windows. Sir James Dick of
Prestonfield, the wise provost of 1679, transported
away by personal energy a vast stratum of the
refuse of ages, through which people had to make
literal lanes to their shops and house-doors and
therewith enriched his lands by the margin of
Duddingston Loch (Act of Parl. James VII., I.,
cap. IZ), till their fertility is proverbial to the
present day. But still there was no regular system
of cleaning, and though Sir Alexander Brand, a
well-known magistrate and manufacturer of Spanish
leather gilt hangings, made some vigorous proposals
on the subject, they were not adopted, till in
1730 the magistrates endeavoured by the strong arm
of the law to repress the obnoxious habit of
throwing household litter from the windows, a
habit amusingly described by Smollett forty years
after in his ?? Humphrey Clinker.?
On the 6th of September, 1751, the fall of
a great stone tenement on the north of the High
Street, near the Cross, six storeys in height, with
attics, sinking at once from top to bottom, and
occasioning some loss of life, caused a general
alarm in the city concerning the probable state of
many of the more ancient and crumbring houses.
A general survey was made, and many were
condemned, and orderec! to be taken down.
But from 1707 Edinburgh stood singularly still
till 1763, when the citizens seemed to wake
fiom their apathetic lethargy. After that period
the erection of adjuncts to the old city (tcr
be referred to in their own localities) led to the
general desertion of it by all people of position and
wealth. Among the last who lingered there, and
retained his mansion in the High Street, was
James Fergusson of Pitfour, M.P., whose body was
borne thence in October, 1820, for interment in the
Greyfriars Churchyard.
In the March of 1820 the High Street was
iighted with gas for the first time. ? This has been
done,? says a print of the day, ?by the introduction
of a single cockspur light into each of the
old globes, in which the old oil lamps were formerly
suspended.? ... Street.3 CHANGES IN THE HIGH STREET. 203 Mortality,? I 7041 gives us the long inscription on the tomb of the ...

Book 2  p. 203
(Score 0.49)

186 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Picardy Place.
It would appear that so early as 1730 the
Governors of Heriot?s Hospital, as superiors of the
barony of Broughton, had sold five acres of land
at the head of Broughton Loan to the city, for the
behoof of refugees or their descendants who had
come from France, after the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes. A colony of these emigrants,
principally silk weavers, had been for some time
attempting to cultivate mulberry trees on the slope
of Moultree?s Hill, but without success, owing to
the variable nature of the climate.
The position of the houses forming the village of
Picardie, as these poor people named it, after their
native province, is distinctly shown in the map of
1787, occupying nearly the site of? the north side of
the present Picardy Place, which after the Scottish
Board of Manufacturers acquired the ground, was
built in 1809.
More than twenty years before that period the
magistrates seem to have contemplated having a
square here, as in 1783 they advertised, ?to be
feued, the several acres, for building, lying on the
west side of the new road to Leith, immediately
adjoining to Picardy Gardens. The ground is
laid out in the form of a square. The situation is
remarkably pleasant. . . . According to the plan,
the buildings will have plots of background for the
purpose of gardens and offices ; and the possessors
of these will have the privilege of the area within
the Square, &c. Further particulars may be had
on applying to James Jollie, writer, the proprietor,
Royal Bank Close, who will show the plan of the
ground.? (Edin. Advert., 1783.)
This plm would seem to have been abandoned,
aAd a street, with York Place, in direct communication
with Queen Street, substituted.
Among the earliest occupants of a house in
Picardy Place was John Clerk, Lord Eldin, who
took up his abode in No. 16, when an advocate at
the bar. The grandson of Sir John Clerk 01
Penicuick, and son of John Clerk, author of a
celebrated work on naval tactics, Lord Eldin was
born in 1757, and in 1785 was called to the bar,
and so great were his intellectual qualities-at a
time when the Scottish bar was really distinguished
for intellect-that, it is said, that at one period he
had nearly half of all the court business in his
hands; but his elevation to the bench did not
occur until 1823, when he was well advanced in
life.
In ?Peter?s Letters? he is described as the
Coryphzus of the bar. ? He is the plainest, the
shrewdest, and the most sarcastic of men; his
sceptre owes the whole of its power to its weightnothing
to glitter. It is impossible to imagine a
physiognomy more expressive of the character of a
great lawyer and barrister. The features are in
themselves good, at least a painter would call them
so, and the upper part of the profile has as fine
lines as could be wished. But then, how the
habits of the mind have stamped their traces on
every part of the face ! What sharpness, razor-like
sharpness, has indented itself about the wrinkles of
his eyelids; the eyes themselves, so quick, so grey,
such bafflers of scrutiny, such exquisite scrutinisers,
how they change in expression-it seems almost
how they change their colour-shifting from contracted,
concentrated blackness, through every
shade of brown, blue, green, and hazel, back into
their own gleaming grey again. How they glisten
into a smile of disdain! . . . He seems to be
affected with the most delightful and balmy feelings,
by the contemplation of some soft-headed,
prosing driveller, racking his poor brain, or bellowing
his lungs out, all about something which he,
the smiler, sees so thoroughly, so distinctly.?
Lord Eldin, on the bench as when at the bar,
pertinaciously adhered to the old Doric Scottish of
his boyhood, and in this there was no affectation;
but it was the pure old dialect and idiom of the
eighteenth century. He was a man of refined
tastes, and a great connoisseur in pictures He
was a capital artist; and it is said, that had he
given himself entirely to art, he would have been
one of the greatest masters Scotland has ever
produced. He was plain in appearance, and had
a halt in his gait. Passing down the High Street
one day, he once heard a girl say to her companion,
? That is Johnnie Clerk, the lame lawyer.? ?? No,
madam,? said he ; ?I may be a lame man, but not
a lame lawyer..? -
He died a bachelor in his house in Picardy
Place, where, old-maid-like, he had contracted such
an attachment to cats, that his domestic establishment
could almost boast of at least half a dozen of
them; and when consulted by a client he was
generally to be found seated in his study with a
favourite Tom elevated on his shoulder or purring
about his ears.
His death occurred on the 30th May, 1832,
after which his extensive collection of paintings,
sketches, and rare prints was brought to sale in
16 Picardy Place, where, on the 16th of March,
1833, a very serious accident ensued.
The fame of his collection had attracted a great
crowd of men and women of taste and letters, and
when the auctioneer was in the act of disposing of
a famous Teniers, which had been a special favourite
of Lord Eldin, the floor of the drawing-room gave
way. ?The scene which was produced may be ... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Picardy Place. It would appear that so early as 1730 the Governors of Heriot?s ...

Book 3  p. 186
(Score 0.49)

242 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [High Street.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE HIGH STREET-(continued).
?The Salamander Land ?-The Old Fishmarket Close-Heriot?s Mansion-The Deemster?s Hocse-Borthwick?s Close-Lord Durie?s House-
Old Assembly Rooms-Edinburgh As.emblies, 17zc-53-Mes Nicky Blurray-Formalities of the Balls-Ladies? Fashions-Assemblies
Removed to Hell?s Wpd-Hair Srreet and Hunter?s Square-Kennedy?s Close-George Buchanan?s Death-Niddry?r Wynd- Nicol
Edwards? House-A Case of Homicide in 1597-A Quack Doctor -Livingstone?s Liberty.
IN describing the closes and wynds which diverge
from the great central street of the old city on the
south we must resume at the point where the great
fire of 1824 ceased, a conflagration witnessed by
Sir Walter Scott, who says of it :-
?? I can conceive no sight more grand or terrible
than to see those lofty buildings on fire from top to
bottom, vomiting out flames like a volcano from
every aperture, and finally crashing down one after
another into a* abyss of fire, which resembled
nothing but hell ; for there were vaults of wine and
spirits, which sent up huge jets of flames wherever
they were called into activity by the fall of these
massive fragments.?
?( The Salamander Land,? an enormous black
tenement, so named from its having survived or
escaped the fires that raged eastward and westward
of it, and named also from that curious propensiv,
which is so peculiarly Scottish, for inventive
and appropriate sobriquets, was removed to
make way for the Police Chambers and the
Cournnt office, in the latter of which James Hannay,
the author of ?Satire and Satirists? and several
other works, and Joseph Robertson, the wellknown
Scottish antiquary, conducted the editorial
duties of that paper, the first editor of which
was Daniel Defoe. ?We have been told,? says
Wilson, writing of the old tenement in question,
?that this land was said to have been the residence
of Daniel Defoe while in Edinburgh ; the tradition,
however, is entirely unsupported by other testimony.?
Descending the street on the south, as we have
done on the north, we shall peep into each of the
picturesque alleys that remain, and recall those
.which are no more, with all the notables who once
.dwelt therein, and summon back the years, the
men, and the events that have passed away.
Through ?? the Salamander Land ? a spacious
archway led into the Old Fishmarket Close,
where, qrevious to the great fire, an enormous pile
of buildings reared their colossal front, with that
majestic effect produced now by the back of the
Royal Exchange and of James?s Court, and where
now the lofty tenements of the new police office
stand.
To this alley, wherein the cannon shot of Kirkaldy
fell with such dire effect during the great siege
of 1573, Moyse tells us the plague was brought, on
the 7th of May, 1588, by a servant woman from St.
Johnston.
Within the Fishmarket Close was the mansion of
George Heriot, the royal goldsmith, wherein more
recently resided President Dundas, ?? father of Lord,
Melville, a thorough bon vivant of the old claretdrinking
school of lawyers.?
Here, too, dwelt, we learn from Chambers?s
? Traditions,? the Deemster, a finisher of the law?s
last sentence, a grim official, who annually drew his
fee from the adjacent Royal Bank; and one of the
last of whom, when not officiating at the west end
of the Tolbooth or the east end of the Grassmarket,
eked out his subsistence by cobbling shoes,
Borthwick?s Close takes its name from the noble
and baronial hmily of Borthwick of that ilk, whose
castle, a few miles south from the city, is one of
the largest and grandest examples of the square
tower in Scotland. In the division 6f the city in
October, 1514, the third quarter is to be-according
to the Burgh records-? frae the Lopelie Stane
with the Cowgaitt, till Lord Borthwick?s Close,?
assigned to ?? Bailie Bansun,? with his sergeant
Thomas Amott, and his quartermaster Thomas
Fowler.
The property on the middle of the east side of
the close belonged to one of the Lords Napier of
Merchiston, but to which there is no record to
show; and it is n9t referred to in the minute will
of the inventor of logarithms, who died in 1617.
A new school belonging to Heriot?s Hospital
occupies the ground that intervenes between this
alley and the old Assembly Close.
On that site stood the town mansion of Lord
Dune, President of the Court of Session in 1642,
the hero of the ballad of ? Christie?s Will,? and
according thereto the alleged victim of the Earl of
Traquair, as given in a very patched ballad of the
Border Minstrelsy, beginning :-
? Traquair he has ridden up Chapelhope,
And sae has he doon by the Greymare?s Tail ;
Till he spiered for Christie?s Will?
But he never stinted his light gallop,
And hence for a time the alley bore the name of
Lord Dune?s Close.
On the site of his mansion, till its destruction by
the fire of 1824, stood the Old Assembly Rooms ... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [High Street. CHAPTER XXVIII. THE HIGH STREET-(continued). ?The Salamander Land ?-The ...

Book 2  p. 242
(Score 0.49)

ns and howitzers on the bastions of the latter
and the Calton Hill. The sharp encounter there,
and at St. Leonard?s Hill, in both of which he was
completely repulsed, are apart from the history of
the fortress, from the ramparts of which the young
king Charles 11. witnessed them; but the battle
of Dunbar subsequently placed all the south of
Scotland at the power of Cromwell, when he was
in desperation about returning for England, the
Scots having cut off his retreat. On the 7th
September, 1650, he entered Edinburgh, and placed
it under martial law, enforcing the most rigid regulations;
yet the people had nothing to complain
of, and justice was impartially administered. He
took up his residence at the Earl of Moray?s
house-that stately edifice on the south side of the
Canongate-and quartered his soldiers in Holyrood
and the city; but his guard, or outlying picket,
was in Dunbar?s Close-so named from the victors
of Dunbar ; and tradition records that a handsome
old house at the foot of Sellars Close was occasionally
occupied by him while pressing the siege of the
Castle, which was then full of those fugitive
preachers whose interference had caused the ruin
of Leslie?s army. With them he engaged in a
curious polemical discussion, and is said by Pinkerton
to have preached in St. Giles?s churchyard to
the people. To facilitate the blockade he demolished
the ancient Weigh House, which was
not replaced @ill after the Restoration.
He threw UP batteries at Heriot?s Hospital, which
was full of his wounded ; on the north bank of the
loch, and the stone bartisan of Davidson?s house
on the Castle Hill. He hanged in view of the
Castle, a poor old gardener who had supplied
Dundas with some information ; and during these
operations, Nicoll, the diarist, records that there were
many slain, ? both be schot of canoun and musket,
as weell Scottis as Inglische.? Though the garrison
received a good supply of provisions, by the bravery
of Captain Augustine, a German soldier of fortune
who served in the Scottish army, and who hewed a
passage into the fortress through Cromwell?s guards,
at the head of 120 horse, Dundas, when tampered
with, was cold in his defence. Cromwell pressed
the siege with vigour. He mustered colliers from
the adjacent country, and forced them, under fire,
to work at a mine on the south side, near the new
Castle road, where it can still?be seen in the
freestone rock. Dundas, a traitor from the first,
now lost all heart, and came to terms with
Cromwell, to whom he capitulated on the 12th of
December, 1650.*
1
* The articles of the treaty and the list of the captured guns arc given
at length in Balfour?s ??AM&?
Exactly as St. Giles?s clock struck twelve the
garrison marched ? out, with drums beating and
colours flying, after which the Castle was garrisoned
by ? English blasphemers ? (as the Scots called
them) under Colonel George Fenwick. Cromwell,
in reporting all this to the English Parliament,
says :-?; I think I need say little of the strength of
this place, which, if it had not come as it did, would
have cost much blood. . . . I must needs say,
not any skill or wisdom of ours, but the good will of
God hatli given you this place.?
By the second article of the treaty the records of
Scotland n-ere transmitted to Stirling, on the capture
of which they were sent in many hogsheads to
London, and lost at sea when being sent back,
Dundas was arraigned before the Parliament,
and his reputation was never freed from the stain
cast upon it by the capitulation; and Sir Janies
Balfour, his contemporary, plainly calls him a base,
cowardly, ?? traitorous villane ! ?
Cromwell defaced the royal arms at the Castle
gate and elsewhere ; yet his second in command,
Monk, was f2ted at a banquet by the magistrates,
when, on the 4th May, 1652, he was proclaimed
Protector of the Commonwealth.
At first brawls were frequent, and English
soldiers were cut off on every available occasion.
One day in the High Street, an officer came from
Cromwell?s house ?in great says Patrick
Gordon, and as he mounted his horse, mhly &d
aloud, ? With my own hands I killed the Scot to
whom this horse and these pistols belonged. Who
dare say I wronged him?? ccI dare, and thus
avenge him !? exclaimed one who stood near, and,
running the Englishman through the body, mounted
his horse, dashed through the nearest gate, and
escaped into the fields.
For ten years there was perfect peace in Edin.
burgh, and stage coaches began to run every three
weeks between it and the ?George Inn, without
Aldersgate, London,? for A4 10s. a seat. Iambert?s
officers preached in the High Kirk, and buffcoated
troopers taught and expounded in the Parliament
House; and so acceptable became the sway of
the Protector to civic rulers that they had just proposed
to erect acolossal stone monument in his
honour, when the Restoration came !
It was hailed with the wildest joy by all the
Scottish people. The cross of Edinburgh was
garlanded with flowers ; its fountains ran with wine ;
300 dozen of glasses were broken there, in
drinking to the health of His Sacred Majesty and
the perdition of Cromwell, who in effigy wa- 5 consigned
to the devil. Banquets were given, and
salutes fired from the Castle, where Mons Meg was ... and howitzers on the bastions of the latter and the Calton Hill. The sharp encounter there, and at St. ...

Book 1  p. 55
(Score 0.48)

386 OLD AND NEW' EDINBURGH.
'Plague in Leith, The 111. 180,186
Plainstane's close ~ i . 235
Playfair, Dr. Lyo;, 111. 24
Playfair, Professor, 1. 339, 11.106,
1% 1p,z70' monument to,II.rro
Playfaii, W. H., architect, I. 379,
11. 83 88, 97, 106, 110, 2x41 335,
111. ;3, 68, 83
Playhouse Close 11. 23
Pleasance, he, i. 38, 253,278,295.
298, 335, 382-384, 11. 3, 218 135,
240, 301, 3247 330, 337, 3383 345,
111.54 ; origin of thename, I. 382
Plewlands, The, 111. 42
Pocketsleve 111.92
PokerCluh ?he, I . ~ O , Z ~ T , I I I . I ~ ~
Police of Ehinburgh, 11. 120
Police Office, I. 242
Political unions. Illegality of the, . - -
11. 236, 237
Pollok. Robert. 11. ICO
Polton Lord iII. 3;6
PolwAh d d y 11. aog
Pont, dkrt, dinister of St. Cuthbert's
Church 11. 131 I 2
Pont, Robert, hrovost 'o?Trinity
Pontheus, John, the quack doctor,
Poole's Coffee-house, 11. xza
Popular songs of 1745, I. 325
Port Hopetoun, 11.~15~226 ; Edinbur
h Castle from, 11. *a16
Port .ft. Nicholas, 111. 171
Portmus Captain I. 130 111.262
263 ; hHnged b;the mdb, I. 130:
College, 1.305, 307
I. zoo, 201
~. z3i, 11. 2 I, 232
Porteous john, herald painter,
111.4:
Porreou~ riots I. 4 123, 128-1 I
178, 218, 3:g; h n t i n g ~f t2:
111. III .___ ._
Portland, Henrietta Duchess of,
Portland,'Duke of, 111.42
Portland Place 11. zza
Portobello, I. h3, 111. 138, 143-
154165; Romanroadnear I. 10,
fro; view of Portobed, III.
:IN, *152, *r53: plan of, 111. . 147: churchesandchawls. 111.
II.rg1 111.42
- .
147; * 153
Portobello Hut. 111. IM
Portobello review lhe' '111. 146
Portobello Koad '111. ;38
Portobello Sand; 111.145, Plate p
Rortsburgh CO& House, 11. *=I. -
2=4
Porbburgh, The Eastern, I. 3 8 , k
l p , I I . 222 224 226 227,22gr 334
33s ; anciehtly H htirgh, 11. 103
Post Office, The old, I. 274 338,
*356; the new I. 340, 351, 353,
*357,358.364; ;he Scottishpostal
system, I. 353- 58 : itsexpenses
at various periJs, I. 355,356; its
posf-ten 1.354,355,39; the
vanous po&office buildings, I.
358
Post Office Close, I. 358
Potato, The introducer of the, 11. p
Potterrow, The, 1. p, 335,II. 135,
231, =4=r 274. 327, 330, 33% 332,
Potterrow ort, 11. 257, 334 331,
111.3
Poulterer The King's 111.66
Poultry AndS. Dean,'III. 65, 66
Poultry Market The old I. 373
Powburn, The ' 11. 267 ' 111. 29
I 58; its otier names:
Powburn House 111. 51
Powderhall III:88 8g *g3
Powrie, di1liaq 'ac<ornplice ot
Bothwell in the murder of Darnley,
1. 263, 276, 111. 4, 6
Prayer, An ambiguous, 11. 133
Preaching Friar's Vennel, The, I.
Preaching Window," Knox'r
house, I. 214
3331 3 3 4 , p 345, 111. 51
81.:; '
'( p7,258
Pre-historic Edinburgh, I. 9-14
Prendergast's revenqe, 11. 52, 53
.Prentice, Henry, the introducer 01
Presbyterian Church, Re-establish.
.Preston, John, Lord Fentonbams,
the potato, 11. 30
ment of the, 11.246
-1.206 -
Preston, Sir Michael, I. q
&ton of Craigmillar Provost Sir
?reston of Craignillar. Sir Richard.
Henry, 11. 242, 278,'III. 61
111.61
?reston of Craigmillar, Provost Sir
Simon, I. w, 305, 11.279.111.
58, 59, 61, 62, 107
'reston of Valleyfield, Sir Charles,
11. 26, 335
326, 330. ,331: 332.
?reston, Lieut.-General, I. 322,323.
?redon relic, bt. Giles's Cathedral,
I. 140
?restonAeld manor-house, 111. *56,
57, 58
?restongrange, Lord, 11.242, 272,
111.10
?restonpans, 11. 283 16,.340, 111.
IM, 174, a63; the' ishermen of,
111. 300 ; battle of (see Battles)
?reston Street, 111. 50
?retender, Defence of the, 111.194
?rice, Sir Magnus, 1. 117
?nestfield or Prestonfield, I. 3 2 6 3 .
Primrose, Viscount, I. m3,II. 124;
Primrose, Si Archibald, I. 91,111.
?rimrose Lady Dorothea, I. 257
Primus 'khe title 11. 246
Prince 'Anne of benmarks Dragoons
I. 64
Prince kharley's house, Duddmgston
11. *317
Princ;Consort, The, I. 358,II. 79;
memorial to, 11. 175, '77, a84
PrinceofWales, Marrageof, 11.284
Prince of Wales's Graving Dock,
Leith, 111. 286, q8g
358, 3647372r 11- 93, 95, 99s 100,
14, 1x0, 114, 117, 118, 119-130,
176, 182, 191 no6, zog, ?XI, 213,
372, 383,111.'146, 295 ; view from
Scott'smonument, 11.*124: view
looking west, 11. * '25
hinale, Andrew Lord Haining, I.
315, III.5p
Viscountess, I. 104
I06
Princes Street, I.39,a55,295, 339.
131,136, 139, 151, 163, 165, 175,
27;
Pringle, Sir Walter, I. 1%
Pringle, Thomas 11. 140
Pringle of Stichel, Colonel, 111.45;
Printed, Number of, in Edinburgh
Printing-press, The first, in Scot-
Prison& of 'war in Edinburgh
Privy C&ud, Imd Keeper of the,
Proctor John thecartoonist,III. 82
Project' for :urprising Edinburgh
Promisc;ous dancing, Presbyterian
Property Investment Society, I. 123
Protestant Institute, I. zg , 11. z6a
Provost of Edinburgh, Salary and
privileges of the, 11. 281, 111.
270; his first appearance in official
decorations, 11. 282
Provost Stewart's Land. West Bow,
Lady 11. 163
in 1779, I. 318
land I. 142 255
Castle 11. a48
1. 370. 372
Castle I. 67
abhorrence of, I. 315
I. 325
Provosts of Leith, The, 111. q,
Provat's Close, 11. 277
Provost's House. Kirk+f-Field,
219, zm, 270
111.3
Publicopinionin Edinburgh, Weak.
ness of formerly I. 285
PuirFolks'Purses:The,I. 138, 11.6
Pulteney, Sir ames 1. 106 '' Purging *' o/ the Scottish army,
Furitan g&ner,Anecdote ofa, 1.56
Pye, Sir Robert, 111. 260, 261
111. 186 187
Q
Quadrangle, The, Holymod Palace,
Quality Street. Leith, III.2~1,235,
11. '76
. .
Q,';?ity Wynd, Rotten Row, Leith
Quarry Holes, The, 11. 101, zw
Queen Mary (sec Mary Stuart)
111. 173
111. 128, 133, 151
Queen Mary's Apartments, Holyrood
Palace 11. 66, * 67, 74 ; h u
bedchambei, ib.
Queen Mary's Bath, 11. 40, 41
!&.en Mary's Bower, Moray
House 11. *32 33
&een Mary's r&m Dungeon in
Edinburgh Castle below, I. *ZI,
,R
Q&en Mary's room, Rmeburn
House, 111. 103
Queen Mary's sundial 11. 68, 73
Queen Marys tree i1. 316; her
pear.tree, Mercdiston Castle,
Plate 26 ; her tree at Craigmillar
Castle 111. 59 *60 . Queen itreet, iI. 115, 151-158,
*16o 162 175 186 18 ,194, 199,
Que& d e e t Gardens, 11.185~194.
&eenptreet, k i t h , III.r73,qo,
Queen's Dock Leith 111. 283 285
Queen's Drivi, The, \. XI, 11.'303.
ZW ;U2 d83, iI8, i72, III. 74,106
am
ueen Street Hall 111. 88
231, 232
312
Brigade, 1. 286
the, Ptate 23
turret near the I. * 49, 78
11. 17
Queen's Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer
Queen's Park, Volunteer review in
Queen.s Post, Ancient postern and
Queen's Theatre k d Opera Houl,
Queen $ctoria'svisit to Edinburgh,
11. 354, 362
Queensberry, Duke of, I. 162. 164,
11. 8, 35, 38, 225, 226, 351, 111.
Queensberry Duchess of I 155,
11. 37 ; herleccentric habh,.II. 38
Quernsbeny Earl of, 11. a53
Queensberry'House, Canongate, I.
1058 1'55, 327. 11. 10, 357 36, 37,
38; its present use, 11. 38
Queensberrv Lodge, 11. 38
Queensferry, I. 16, 19,II. 101. I!I.
Q u e e n 2 4 Road, 11. 115,185,sm,
Qneensferry Street, 11. 136
Qqhitncss John of, Provost, 11.278
Quince? +hornas de, 11. 135, 140,
246, 265,365
63,211, 306,307,314 ; theherrug
fishe at 111. p
207, 111. 255 - II.74,359
R
Rae Sir David 11. 26 203
~ a e l Sir Wildm 11. ;27, III. 33c
Rae: Lady, !I. &, 339
&burn, Sir Henry, I. 119, 159,
a y , 384, 11. 88, go. gz, xzz,1z6,
his stepdaughter, 111. 77
Hadical Road," The, 11. II
I. 285
11. 188
187. 188, 111. 7lr 74, 6, 77, 140;
Raeburn Place, 111.79
Railston Bishop of Dunked, 11.54
Railway;, their influence foreseen,
Ramsay, Allan (see Allan Ramsay:
Ramsay, Allan, the painter, 1. 83,
Ramsay, Sir Alexander 11. 206
Ramsay, Sir Alexander,'Provost, I.
Ramsay of Dalhousie. Sir Alex.
y s Close, 11. I8
'99
ande;, I. 24, 25, 111.354, 355
Ramsay of Abbotshall, Sir Andrew.
I. 311, 11. 74 ; Lord Provost, 11.
,281
Ramsay, Sir George I. 162
Ramsay, Sir John, IiI. 42
Ramsay of Balmain, Sir John, 11.
Ramsay, Sir William 11. 166
Ramsay of Dalhousii, Sir W i l l i i
239
111.94
Ramsay, William, banker, 11. 362
111. 124
Ramsay, Cuthbert, I. 258
Ramsay Dean 11. 126, 205, 206
portrait of, 1;. * 128
Ramsay, Duel between Sir Georgq
and Capt. Macrae, 111. 13-14,
Ramsay, General John, I. 83, I1
I28
camsay, Lady, and Capt. Macrae,
<amay Lady Elizabeth 111.32
Zamsay: Miss Christian,'her fondcamsay,
The Misses, 111. 138
camsay Garden, I. 83, 11.82 ; view
camsay Lane, 1. 87. 91
camsay Lane, Portp,bello 111. *153 <amsnpS, Peter, White Horse
<am$y's Fort, Leith, 111. 171
tandolph Earl of Moray 11.47
candolph' Sir Thomas ; successful
re-captlre of the Castle by, 1. 24
candolph Cliff, 111. 70,75. f'tate 28
candolph Crescent, I. 237, 11. 11.5,
ZW, 2057 2071 20% 209
bnkeillor Street 11. 39
cankenion Club,'The, 11.180
lavelrig, 111. 334
tavelrig Hill, 111. 331
<avelston, I. 331, Ill. 79, 106
tavelston House 111. 106, 108
<wen's Craig ri. 307
<awdon Lad;Elizabeth, 11. 18
<ay Jdhn rectur of the high
Sc~ool, Ii. 290
<eade,Charles, thenovelist, 111.303
ieay George Lord II. 272, 111.8
<ay: Lady ElLabTeth Fairlie, 12
tecord of Entails, I. 372
cedbraes manor-house, 111. 88, 89. * 93. its changes, 111. p ' !&gauhet," References to, 11.
<edhallCastle, 111.313; themanor
tedheughs, 'I he 111. 114,31g,33r
<ed House The' 11. 330
teed. Robert. K'inp's architect. 11.
111. 139--14I
ness for cats, 11. 18
from Princes Street, Pidr 17
Inn ' 1. zgg
272, 346
270
house, 11.43
R&rig, KLdS of, 111. 134, 135,
Restalrig Lwh, 111. 13
Keston Lord, 11. 199
Restodtion festivals 11. 334
Restoration of Cha;les II., Popularity
of the, I. 55, '59, 176, 11.
334
Restoration of James VII., Plots
for the I. 66
Review dfScottish Volunteers, 1860,
11. 284.354 ; Plate 23
RevoliitionClub,The, 111. s a 3 ; i t ~
meLI, I. *63 .
168 ... OLD AND NEW' EDINBURGH. 'Plague in Leith, The 111. 180,186 Plainstane's close ~ i . ...

Book 6  p. 386
(Score 0.48)

THE CASTLE -4ND GLEN. 34 7 Roslin.]
further repaired, as an ornate entrance seems tc
show, with its lintel, inscribed ? S.W.S., 1622.??
The same initials appear on the half-circular pedi.
ment of a dormer window. Above this door, which
is beautifully moulded and enriched, is a deep and
ornate squqre niche, the use for which it is difficult
to conceive.
From its windows it commands a view of the
richly-wooded glen, between the rocky banks and
dark shadows of which the Esk flows onward with
a ceaseless murmur among scattered boulders,
where grow an infinite variety of ferns. The
eastern bank rises almost perpendicularly from the
river?s bed, and everywhere there is presented a
diversity of outline that always delights an artistic
eye.
The entrance to the castle was originally by a
gate of vast strength, and the whole structure must
have been spacious and massive, and on its northern
face bears something of the aspect of old Moorish
fortresses in Spain. A descent of a great number of
stone stairs conducts through the existing structure
to the bottom, leading into a spacious kitchen,
from which a door opens into the once famous
gardens. The modern house of 1563 is ill-lighted
and confined, and possesses more the gloom of
a dungeon-like prison than the comforts of a residence.
Grose gives us a view of the whole as they
appeared in 1788--? haggard and utterly dilapidated-
the mere wreck of a great pile riding on a
l ~ t l e sea of forest-a rueful apology for the once
grand fabric whose name of ? Roslin Castle ? is so
intimately associated with melody and song.?
It is unknown when or by whom the original
castle was founded. It has been referred to the
year 1100, when William de St. Clair, son of
Waldern, Count of St. Clair, who came to England
with William the Conqueror, obtained from
Malcolm 111. the barony of Roslin, and was
named ?the seemly St. Clair,? in allusion to his
grace of deportment ; but singular to say, notwithstanding
its importance, the castle is not mentioned
distinctly in history till the reign of James II.,
when Sir William Hamilton was confined in it in
1455 for being in rebellion with Douglas, and again
when it was partly burned in 1447.
Father Richard Augustine Hay, Prior of St.
Piermont, in France, who wrote much about the
Roslin family, records thus :--
?About this time, 1447, Edmund Sinclair of
Dryden, coming with four greyhounds and some
rackets to hunt with the prince (meaning William
Sinclair, Earl of Orkney), met a great company of
rats, and among them an old blind lyard, with a
straw in his mouth, led by the rest, whereat he
greatly marvelled, not thinking what was to follow;
but within four days after-viz., the feast of St.
Leonard, the princess, who took great delight in
little dogs, caused one of the gentlewomen to go
under a bed with a lighted candle to bring forth one
of them that had young whelps, which she was
doing, and not being very attentive, set on fire the
bed, whereat the fire rose and burnt the bed, and
then rose to the ceiling of the great chamber in
which the princess was, whereat she and all that
were in the dungeon (keep?) were compelled to fly.
? The prince?s chaplain seeing this, and remembering
his master?s writings, passed to the head of
the dungeon, where they were, and threw out four
great trunks. The news of this fire coming to the
prince?s ears through the lamentable cries of the
ladies and gentlemen, and the sight thereof coming
to his view in the place where he stood-namely,
upon the College (Chapel?) Hill-he was in sorrow
for nothing but the loss of his charters and other
writings; but when the chaplain, who had saved
himself by coming down the bell-rope tied to a
beam, declared how they were saved, he became
cheerful, and went to re-comfort his princess and
the ladies, desiring them to put away all sorrow,
and rewarded his chaplain very richly.? The
i? princess ? was the Elizabeth Countess of Roslin,
referred to in page 3 of Vol. I.
In 1544 the castle was fired by the English
under Hertford, and demolished. The house of
1563, erected amid its ruins nineteen years after,
was pillaged and battered by the troops of Cromwellin
1650.
+4t the revolution in 1688, it was pillaged again
by a lawless mob from the city, and from thenceforward
it passes out of history.
Of the powerful family to whom it belonged we
can only give a sketch.
The descendants of the Norman William de St.
Clair, called ihdifferently by that name and Sinclair,
received from successive kings of Scotland
accessions, which made them lords of Cousland,
Pentland, Cardoine, and other lands, and they lived
in their castle, surrounded by all the splendour of a
rude age, and personal importancegiven by the
acquisition of possessions by methods that would
be little understood in modern times.
There were three successive William Sinclairs
barons of Roslin (one of whom made a great
figure in the reign of William the Lion, and gave
a yearly gift to Newbattle,pro saZufe mime we)
before the accession of Henry, who, by one account,
is said to have mamed a daughter of the
Earl of Mar, and by auother a daughter of the Earl ... CASTLE -4ND GLEN. 34 7 Roslin.] further repaired, as an ornate entrance seems tc show, with its lintel, ...

Book 6  p. 347
(Score 0.48)

Parlient Close.] JOHN OSW.4LD. I79
his peculiar hze& or place of resort by day or
night, where merchants, traders, and men of every
station, met for consultation, or good-fellowship,
and to hear the items of news that came by the
mail or stage from distant parts; and Wilson,
writing in 1847, says, ? Currie?s Tavern, in Craig?s
Close, ?once the scene of meeting of various clubs,
and a favourite resort of merchants, still retains
.a reputation among certain antiquarian bibbers for
an old-fashioned luxury, known by the name
of jaj-in, a strange compound of small-beer and
whiskey, curried, as the phrase is, with a little
aatmeal.?
Gossiping Wodrow tells us in his ?I Analecta,?
that, on the 10th of June, 1712, ?The birthday of
the Pretender, I hear there has been great outrages
.at Edinburgh by his friends. His health was drunk
early in the morning in the Parliament Close j and
at night, when the magistrates were going through
the streets to keep th: peace, several were
taken up in disguise, and the King?s health (ie.,
James VIII.) was drunk out of several windows,
and the glasses thrown over the windows when
the magistrates passed by, and many windows
were illuminated. At Leith there was a standard
:set upon the pier, with a thistle and Nemo me
imjune Zaessit, and J ?R. VI11 ; and beneath,
Noe Abjuration. This stood a great part of the
-day.? Had the old historian lived till the close
.of the century or the beginning of the present,
he might have seen, as Chambers tells us, ?Singing
Jamie Balfour ?-a noted convivialist, of whom
a portrait used to hang in the Leith Golf-housewith
other topers in the Parliament Close, all bareheaded,
on their knees, and hand-in-hand, around
.the statute of Charles II., chorusing vigorously,
?T. King s h d enjoy his own again.? Jamie
Balfour was well known to Sir Walter Scott.
About the year 1760 John?s coffee-house was
kept by a man named Oswald, whose son John,
born there, and better known under his assumed
name of Sylvester Otway, was one of the most
extraordinary characters of that century as a poet
.and politician. He served an apprenticeship to a
jeweller in the Close, till a relation left him a
legacy, with which he purchased a commission in
the Black Watch, and in 1780 he was the third
lieutenant in seniority in the 2nd battalion when
serving in India. Already master of Latin and
Greek, he then taught himself Arabic, and, quitting
the army in 1783, became a violent Radical, and
published in London a pamphlet on the British
Constitution, setting forth his views (crude as they
were) and principles. His amatory poems received
she dpprobation of Bums; and, after publishing
various farces, effusions, and fiery political papers,
he joined the French Revolutionists in 1792, when
his pamphlets obtained for him admission into
the Jacobite Club, and his experiences in the
qznd procured him command of a regiment composed
of the masses of Paris, with which he
marched against the royalists in La Vendie, on
which occasion his men mutinied, and shot him,
together with his two sons-whom, in the spirit of
quality, he had made drummers-and an English
Zentleman, who had the misfortune to be serving
in the same battalion.
John third Earl, of Bute, a statesman and a
patron of literature, who procured a pension for
Dr. Johnson, and who became so unpopular as
a minister through the attacks of Wilkes, was
born in the Parliament Close on the 25th of May,
1713.
Near to John?s coffee-house, and on the south
side ,of the Parliament Close, was the banking-house
of Sir William Forbes, Bart., who was born at Edinburgh
in 1739. He was favourably known as the
author of the ?Life of Beattie,? and other works,
and as being one of the most benevolent and highspirited
of citizens. The bank was in reality established
by the father of Thomas Coutts, the eminent
London banker, and young Forbes, in October,
1753, was introduced to the former as an apprentice
for a term of seven years. He became a copartner
in 1761, and on the death of one of the
Messrs. Coutts, and retirement of another on
account of ill-health, while two others were settled
in London, a new company was formed, comprising
Sir William Forbes, Sir James Hunter Blair,
and Sir Robert Hemes, who, at first, carried on
business in the name of the old firm.
In 1773, however, Sir Robert formed a separate
establishment in London, when the name was
changed to Forbes, Hunter, and Co., of which
firm Sir William continued to be the head till his
death, in 1806.
Kin&id tells us that, when their first bankinghouse
was building, great quantities of human
bones-relics of St. Giles?s Churchyard-were dug
up, which were again buried at the south-east
corner, between the wall of the edifice and the
Parliament Stairs that led to the Cowgate; and
that, ? not many years ago, numbers were also dug
up in the Parliament Close, which were carefully
put in casks, and buried in the Greyfriars? Churchyard?
In accordance with a longcherished desire of
restoring his family-which had been attainted for
loyalty to the house of StuartLSir William Forbes
embraced a favourable opportunity for purchasing ... Close.] JOHN OSW.4LD. I79 his peculiar hze& or place of resort by day or night, where merchants, ...

Book 1  p. 179
(Score 0.48)

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