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332 MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH.
many a gentleman’s stable-yard, with the chief approach to it by a pend, or archway,
from the head of the Candlemaker’s Row. Rank and fashion, however, alone resorted to
the admired locality, while it was no less worthy of note as a haunt of the muses. Here
was the residence of Dr Austin, already referred to, in a ‘house at the north-west
corner; and a few doors from this, in the building on the west side through which the
arched entry led into Candlemaker Row, dwelt for above twenty years Miss Jeanie Elliot,
the author of the beautiful version of the Flowers 0’ the Forest,’’ beginning, “I ’ve
heard them lilting at the ewe-milking.” She was the daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot of
Minto, and is described by a contemporary as “ a remarkably agreeable old maiden lady,
with a prodigious fund of Scottish anecdote.” It is added, as worthy of record, that she
was perhaps the only lady of her time in Edinburgh who had her own sedan chair,
which was kept in the lobby of her house ! Henry Mackenzie first took up house for himfielf
in the middle tenement, still standing on the south side, while the celebrated Lord
Woodhouselee occupied one of those now demolished. The middle house on the north’
side, a large and commodious mansion, still retains abundant traces of former grandeur,
and chiefly in the large drawing-room on the first floor, which is decorated with a series
of landscapes, interspersed with floral groups and other fancy devices, evidently in imitation
of the painted chamber at Milton House, though the work of a less skilful artist.
This was the residence of Sir Thomas Miller, of Barskimming and Glenlee, Bart., Lord
President of the Court of Session, who died there in 1789. He was succeeded in it by his
son, Sir William, promoted to the bench under the title of Lord Glenlee, and who, when
all other claimants to rank or gentility had long deserted every nook of the Old Town,
resisted the fashionable tide of emigration, and retained this as his town mansion till his
death in 1846. Indeed, such was the attachment of this venerable judge to his old dwelling,
that he rejected a handsome offer for the reversion of it, because the proposing purchaser,
who designed converting it into a printing office, refused to become bound to preserve the
paintings on its walls.
VI(tNETTE-aothic Niche, College Wynd.

... MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH. many a gentleman’s stable-yard, with the chief approach to it by a pend, or ...

Book 10 p. 362
(Score 1.05)

James IV., while preparing for his fatal invasion
rn 1513, went daily to the Castle to inspect and
prove his artillery, and by the bursting of one of
them he narrowly escaped a terrible death, like
that by which his grandfather, James II., perished
at Roxburgh. ? The seven sisters of Borthwick,?
referred to by Scott in ?Marmion,? were captured,
with the rest of the Scottish train, at Flodden,
where the Earl of Surrey, when he saw them, said
there were no cannon so beautiful in the arsenals
of King Henry,
-.
After the accession of James V,, the Castle was ,
THE BLUE BLANKET, OR STAXDARD OF THE INCORPORATED TRADES OF EDINBURGH.
(From #he T Y ~ S ? Maiden?s HosjiiaZ, RiZZbank.)
named the Forge and Gun Houses, Lower Ammunition
House, the Register and Jewel Houses,
the Kitchen Tower, and Royal Lodging, containing
the great hall (now a hospital). Westward
were the Butts, still ?so-called, where archery was
practised. There were, and are still, several deep
wells ; and one at the base of the rock to the
northward, in a vault of the Well-house Tower,
between the west angle of which and the rock was
an iron gate defended by loopholes closing the
path that led to St. Cuthbert?s church, A massive
rampart and two circular bastions washed by the
improved by the skill of the royal architect, Sir
James Hamilton of Finnart, and greatly strengthened
; but its aspect was very different from that
which it bears now.
The entire summit of ~e stupendous rock was
crowned by a lofty wall, connecting a series of
round or square towers, defended by about thirty
pieces of cannon, called ? chambers,? which were
removed in 1540. Cut-throats, iron slangs, and
arquebuses, defended the parapets. Two tall edifices,
the Peel and Constable?s Towers connected
by a curtain, faced the city, overlooking the Spur,
a vast triangular ravelin, a species of lower castle
that covered all the summit of the hill. Its walls
were twenty feet high, turreted at the angles, and
armed with cannon. The Constable?s Tower was
fifty feet high. Wallace?s Tower, a little. below it,
defended the portcullis. St. Margaret?s Tower and
David?s we have already referred to. The others
that abutted 00 the rocks were respectively
Flodden on the 9th of September, 1513, caused
a consternation in Edinburgh unusual even in
those days of war and tumult. The wail that
went through the streets is still remembered in

... IV., while preparing for his fatal invasion rn 1513, went daily to the Castle to inspect and prove his ...

Book 1 p. 36
(Score 1.05)

56 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
long course of years, accumulated a variety of facts in support of his theory,-
having undertaken journeys not only through Scotland, but also through
England and Wales, and different parts of the continent of Europe. In the same
volume he published another paper, entitled, “A Theory of Rain.” This
theory met with a vigorous opposition from M. de Luc, and became a subject
of controversy, which was conducted with much warmth.
In 1792 he published “Dissertations on different subjects in Natural
Philosophy,” in which his theory for explaining the phenomena of the material
world seems to coincide very closely with that of Boscovich, though there is no
reason to suppose that the former was suggested by the latter.
Dr. Hutton next turned his attention to the study of metaphysics, the result
of which he gave to the public in a voluminous work, entitled “ An Investigation
of the Principles of Knowledge, and of the Progress of Reason from Sense
to Science and Philosophy.” 3 vols. 4to. Edinburgh, 1794. While engaged
in its publication he was seized with a dangerous illness, from which he never
entirely recovered. In 17 9 4 appeared his ‘‘ Dissertation upon the Philosophy
of Light, Heat, and Fire,” 8170. In 1796, his “ Theory of the Earth ” was
republished in 2 vols., with large additions, and a new Mineralogical system.
Many of his opinions were ably combated by Kirwan and others.
Professor Playfair, who had adopted the leading doctrines of t,he Doctor’s
theory, published, in 1802, a work entitled “ Illustrations of the Huttonian
Theory of the Earth.” A short time before his death the Doctor wrote a work
on Agriculture, which was intended to form 4 vols. 8vo. The MS. was recently
in existence.
Dr. Huttorfs health had begun to decline in 1792; and, as before mentioned,
he was seized with a severe illness during the summer of 1793, which,
after some intervals of convalescence, terminated at last in his death, upon the
26th March 1797, having written a good deal in the course of the same day.
He died, like his friend Dr. Black, a bachelor.
No. XXV.
PHILOSOPHERS.
THIS Print represents DR. BLACK and DR HUTTONw, ho were for a long
series of years most intimate and attached friends, conversing together. Their
studies and pursuits were in many respects intimately connected, and upon
different subjects of philosophical speculation they had frequently opposite
opinions, but this never interrupted the harmony of their personal friendship.
They were remarkable for their simplicity of character, and almost total
ignorance of what was daily passing around them in the world. An amusing
illustration of this will be found in the following anecdote :-

... BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. long course of years, accumulated a variety of facts in support of his theory,- having ...

Book 8 p. 79
(Score 1.05)

I10 OLD -AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Calton Hill.
It was finished in 1832, and is a beautiful restoration,
with some variations, of the choragic monument
of Lysicrates, from a design by W. H. Playf5r.
The chaste Greek monument of Professor
Flayfair, at the south-east angle of the new
observatory serves also to enhance the classic
aspect of the hill, and was designed by his nephew.
This memorial to the great mathematician and
eminent natural philosopher is inscribed thus, in
large Roman characters :-
JOANNI PLAYFAIR
AMICORUM PIETAS
CESIDERIIS ICTA FIDELIBUS
QUO IPSE LOCO TEMPLUM X?RANAE SUAE
OLIM DICAVERIT
POSUIT.
NAT. VI. IDUS. MART. MDCCXLVIII.
OBIIT. XIV. KAL SEXTIL. MDCCCXIX.
Passing the eastern gate of the new prison, and
Jacob?s Ladder, a footway which, in two mutually
diverging lines, each by a series of steep traverses
and flights of steps, descends the sloping face of the
hill, to the north back of the Canongate, we find
Bums?s monument, perched over the line of the
tunnel, built in 1830, after a design by Thomas
Hamilton, in the style of a Greek peripteral temple,
its cupola being a literal copy from the monument
of Lysicrates at Athens. The original object of
this edifice was to serve as a shrine for Flaxman?s
beautiful statue of Bums, now removed to the
National Gallery, but replaced by an excellent
bust of the poet, by William Brodie, R.S.A., one
of the best of Scottish sculptors. This round
temple contains many interesting relics of Burns.
The entire length of the upper portion of the
hill is now enclosed by a stately terrace, more than
1,000 yards in length, with Grecian pillared doorwzrys,-
continuous iron balconies, and massive
cornices, commanding much of the magnificent
panorama seen from the higher elevations ; but,
by far the most important, interesting, and beautiful
edifice on this remarkable hill is the new High
School of Edinburgh, on its southern slope, adjoinimg
the Regent Terrace.
The new High School is unquestionably one
af the most chaste and classical edifices in Edinh
g h . It is a reproduction of the purest Greek,
and in every way quite worthy of its magnificent
site, which commands one of the richest of town
and country landscapes in the city and its
environs, and is in itself one of the most
striking features of the beautiful scenery with
which it is grouped.
When the necessity for having a new High
School in place of the old, within the city wall-the
old which had so many striking memories and
traditions (and to which we shall refer elsewhere)-
came to pass, several situations were suggested as a
site for it, such as the ground opposite to Princes
Street, and the then Excise Office (now the Royal
Bank), in St. Andrew Square; but eventually the
magistrates fixed on the green slope of the Calton
Hill, to the eastward of the Miller?s Knowe. In
digging the foundations copper ore in some quantities
was dug out, together with some fragments of
native copper.
The ceremony of laying the foundation stone
took place amid great pomp and display on the
28th of July, 1825. All the public bodies in the
city were present, with the then schola from the
Old School, the senators, academicians, clergy,
rector, and masters, and, at the request of Lord
Provost Henderson, the Rev. Dr. Brunton implored
the Divine blessing on the undertaking.
The stone was laid by Viscount Glenorchy,
Grand Master of Scotland, and the building was
proceeded with rapidly. It is of pure white stone,
designed by Thomas Hamilton, and has a front of
400 feet, including the temples, or wings, which
contain the writing and mathematical class-rooms.
The central portico is a hexastyle, and, having a
double range of twelve columns, projects considerably
in front of the general fa@e. The whole
edifice is of the purest Grecian Doric, and, even to its
most minute details, is a copy of the celebrated
Athenian Temple of Theseus. A spacious flight of
steps leading up to it from the closing wall in front,
and a fine playground behind, is overlooked by the
entrances to the various class-rooms. The interior
is distributed into a large hall, seventy-three feet by
forty-three feet ; a rector?s classroom, thirty-eight
feet by thirty-four feet ; four class-rooms for masters,
each thirty-eight feet by twenty-eight feet; a library ;
and two small rooms attached to each of the classrooms.
On the margin of the roadway, on a lower
site than the main building, are two handsome
lodges, each two storeys in height, oiie occupied by
the janitor, and the other containing class-rooms.
The area of the school and playground is two acres,
and is formed by cutting deep into the face of the
hill. The building cost when finished, according
to the City Chamberlain?s books, L34,rgg I IS. 6d.
There are a rector, and ten teachers of classics
and languages, in addition to seven lecturers on
science.
The school, the most important in Scotland,
and intimately connected with the literature and
progress of the kingdom, although at first only
a classical seminary, now furnishes systematic

... OLD -AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Calton Hill. It was finished in 1832, and is a beautiful restoration, with some ...

Book 3 p. 110
(Score 1.04)

The Cowpate.] TAM 0? THE COWGATE. 259
derived from Dickson by the stars, according to
Nisbet in his ?Heraldry.? A John Dickison of
Winkston, who was provost of Peebles, was assassin260
I
OLD AND NEW EDtNEURGH. [The Cowgate.
Full of years and honours, Tam 0? the Cowgate
died in 1637. At Tynninghame, his family seat,
:here are two portraits of him preserved, and also
his state dress, in the crimson velvet breeches of
which there are no less than nine pockets. Among
many of his papers, which remain at Tynninghame
House, one contains a memorandum which throws
a curious light upon the way in which political
matters were then managed in Scotland. This
paper details the heads of a petition in his own
each way, and had a border of trees upon its east
and south sides. Latterly it bore the name of
Thomson?s Green, from the person to whom it
was leased by the Commissioners of Excise.
The Hammerman?s Close, Land, and Hall, adjoined
the site of this edifice on the westward.
The Land was in I 7 I I the abode of a man named
Anthony Parsons, among the last of those who
followed the ancient practice of vending quack
medicines on a public stage in the streets. In the
THE FRENCH AMBASSAUOR?S CHAPEL. (From a Drawing by W. Geikie.)
hand-writing to the Privy Council with a prayer to
?gar the Chancellor? do something else in his behalf
The Excise Office was removed about 1730 from
the Parliament Square to the houge so long occupied
by the Earl of Haddington, which afforded excellent
accommodation for so important a public
institution. The principal room on the second
floor, the windows of which opened to the Cowgate,
was one of great magnificence, having a stucco
ceiling divided into square compartments, each of
which contained an elegant device, and there was
also much fine paneling. At the back of the
house, extending to where the back of Brown
Square was built, and entered by a gate from the
Candlemaker Row, it measured nearly zoo feet
October of that year he advertised in the Scofs Postman-?
It being reported that Anthony Parsons
is gone from Edinburgh to mount public stages in
the country, this is to give notice that he hath left
off keeping stages, and still lives in the Hammerman?s
Land, near the head of the Cowgate, where
may be had the Orvicton, a famous antidote against
infectious distempers, and helps barrenness,? &c
Four years subsequently Parsons-an Englishman,
of course-announced his design of bidding adieu
to Edinburgh, and in that prospect offered his quack
medicines at reduced rates, and likewise, by auction,
?a fine cabinet organ.?
The last of these English quacks was Dr. Green,
gauger, of Doncaster, who made his appearance inated
in the High Street of that town, on the
1st of July, 1572, and James Tweedie, burgess of
Peebles, and four other persons, were tried for the
crime and acquitted. This is supposed to be the
John Dickison who built the house, and had placed
upon it these remarkable devices as a bold proof of
his adherence to the ancient faith ? The hand.
some antique form of this house, the strange
armorial device of the original proprietor, the tradition
of the Catholic chapel, the singular figures
over ?the double dormer window, and Dickison?s
own tragic fate, in the midst of a frightful civil war,
when neither party gave quarter to the other, all
combine to throw a wild and extraordinary interest
over it, and make us greatly regret its removal.?
(? Ancient Arch. of Edin.?)
The peculiar pediment, as well as the sculptured
lintel of the front door, were removed to Coates?
House, and are. now built into different parts of the
northern Wing of that quaint and venerable ch2teau
in the New Town.
In the middle of the last century, and prior to
1829, a court of old buildings existed in the Cowgate,
on the ground now occupied by the southern
piers of George IV. Bridge, which were used as
the Excise Office, but, even in this form, were
somewhat degraded from their original character,
for there resided Thomas Hamilton of Priestfield,
Earl of Melrose in 1619, and first Earl of Haddington
in 1627, Secretary of State in 16~2, King?s
Advocate, and Lord President of the Court of
Session in 15 92.
He rented the house in question from Macgill of
Rankeillor, and from the popularity of his character
and the circumstance of his residence, he
was endowed by his royal master, King James,
whose chief favourite he was, with? the sobriquet of
Tarn d the Cowgate, under which title he is better
remembered than by his talents as a statesman or
his Earldom of Haddington.
He was famous for his penetration as a judge,
his industry as a collector of decisionsAswing
up a set of these from 1592 to i6q-and his
talent for creating a vast fortune. It is related of
him, in one of many anecdotes concerning him,
communicated by Sir Walter Scott to the industrious
author of the ?? Traditions of Edinburgh,?,
that, after a long day?s hard labour in the public
service, he was one evening seated with a friend
over a bottle of wine near a window of his house
in the Cowgate, for his ease attired in a robc de
chrnbre and slippers, when a sudden disturbance
was heard in the street. This turned out to be a
bicker, one of those street disturbances peculiar to
the boys of Edinburgh, till the formation of the
present police, and referred to in the Burgh Records
so far back as 1529, anent ?gret bikkyrringis
betwix bairns;? and again in 1535, when they
wefe to be repressed, under pain-of scourging and
banishment.
On this occasion the strife with sticks and stones
was between the youths of the High School and
those of the College, who, notwithstanding a bitter
resistance, were driving their antagonists before
them.
The old Earl, who in his yduth had been a High
School boy, and from his after education in Paris,
had no sympathy for the young collegians, rushed
into the street, rallied the fugitives, and took such
an active share in the combat that, finally, the High
School boys-gaining fresh courage upon discovering
that their leader was Tam 0? the Cowgate, the
great judge and statesman-turned the scale of
victory upon the enemy, despite superior age and
strength. The Earl, still clad in his robe and slippers,
assumed the command, exciting the lads to the
charge by word and action. Nor did the hubbub
cease till the students, unable by a flank movement
to escape up the Candlemaker Row, were driven
headlong through the Grassmarket, and out at the
West Port, the gate of which he locked, compelling
the vanquished to spend the night in the fields
beyond the walls. He then returned to finish his
flask?of wine. And a rare jest the whole episode
must have been for King James, when he heard of
it at St. James?s or Windsor.
When, in 1617, the latter revisited Scotland,. he
found his old friend very rich, and was informed
that it was a current belief that he had discovered
the Philosopher?s Stone. James was amused with
the idea of so valuable a talisman having fallen
into the hands of a Judge of the Cburt of Session,
and was not long in letting the latter know of the
story. The Earl immediately invited the king,
and all who were present, to dine with him, adding
that he would reveal to them the mystery of the
Philosopher?s Stone.
The next day saw his mansion in the Cowgate
thronged by the king and his Scottish and English
courtiers After dinner, James reminded him of
the Philosopheis Stone, and then the wily Earl
addressed all present in a short speech, concluding
with the information that his whole secret of success
and wealth, lay in two simple and familiar
maxims :-cc Never put off till tomorrow what can
be done today; nor ever trust to the hand of
another that which your own can execute.?
?
__

... Cowpate.] TAM 0? THE COWGATE. 259 derived from Dickson by the stars, according to Nisbet in his ?Heraldry.? A ...

Book 4 p. 258
(Score 1.04)

310 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Granton.
Scots now takefl this to be a prophecy of the
thing which has happened. ? The next day,
4th May, the army landed two miles bewest the
town of Leith, at a place called Grantaine Cragge,
every man being so.prompt, that the whole army
was landed in four hours.? As there was no opposition,
a circumstance unlooked for, and having
guides, ?? We put ourselves in good order of war,??
continues the .narrator, ?marching towards Leith in
three battayles (columns), whereof my lord admiral
led the vanguard, the Earl of Shrewsbury the rearguard,
the Earl of Hertford the centre, with the
artillery drawn by men. In a valley on the right
of the said town the Scots were assembled to the
number of five or six thousand horse, besides foot,
to impeach our passage, and had planted their
artillery at two straits, through which we had to
pass. At first they seemed ready to attack the
vanguard.? But perceiving the English ready to
pass a ford that lay between them and the Scots,
the latter abandoned their cannon, eight pieces in
all, and fled towards Edinburgh j the first to quit
the field was ? the holy cardynall, lyke a vallyant
champion, with him the governor, Therles of
Huntly, Murray, and Bothwell?
The.fame of Granton for its excellent freestone
is not a matter of recent times, as in the City
Treasurer?s accounts, 1552-3, we read of half an
ell of velvet, given to the Laird of Carube
(Carrubber?) for ?licence to wyn stones on his
lands of Granton, to the schoir, for the hale space
of a year.?
In 1579 a ship called the Jinas of Leith
perished in a storm upon the rocks at Granton,
having been blown from her anchorage. Upon
this, certain burgesses of Edinburgh brought an
action against her owner, Vergell Kene of Leith,
for the value of goods lost in the said ship ; but he
urged that her wrecking was the ?providence of
God,? and the matter was remitted to the admiral
and his deputes (Privy Council Reg.)
In 1605 we first find a distinct mention legally,
of the old fortalice of Wardie, or Granton, thus in
the ?Retours.? ? Wardie-muir cum turre et fortalicio
de Wardie,? when George Tours is served heir to
his father, Sir John Tours of Inverleith, knight,
14th May.
In 1685, by an Act of Parliament passed by
James VII., the lands and barony of Royston
were ?ratified,? in favour of George Viscount
Tarbet, Lord Macleod, and Castlehaven, then
Lord Clerk Register, and his spouse, Lady Anna
Sinclair. They are described as comprehending
the lands of Easter Granton with the manor-house,
dovecot, coalheughs, and quarries, bounded by
?
.
Granton Bum; the lands of Muirhouse, and
Pilton on the south, and the lands of Wardie and
Wardie Bum, the sea links of Easter Granton, the
lands of Golden Riggs or Acres, all of which had
belonged to the deceased Patrick Nicoll of Royston.
The statesmen referred to was George Mackenzie,
Viscount Tarbet and first Earl of Cromarty,
eminent for his learning and abilities, descended
from a branch of the family of Seaforth, and born
in 1630. On the death of his father in 1654, with
General Middleton he maintained a guerrilla warfare
with the Parliamentary forces, in the interests
of Charles 11. ; but had to leave Scotland till the
Restoration, after which he became the great confidant
of Middleton, when the latter obtained the
chief administration of the kingdom.
In 1678 he was appointed Justice-General for
Scotland, in 1681, a Lord of Session and Clerk
Register, and four years afterwards James VII.
created him Viscount Tarbet, by which name he is
best known in Scotland.
Though an active and not over-scrupulous agent
under James VII., he had no objection to transfer
his allegiance to William of Orange, who, in 1692,
restored him to office, after which he repeatedly
falsified the records of Parliament, thus adding
much to the odium attaching to his name. In
1696 he retired upon a pension, and was created
Earl of Cromarty in 1703. He was a zealous
supporter of the Union, having sold his vote for
A300, for with all his eminence and talent as a
statesman, he was notoriously devoid of principle.
He was one of the original members of the Royal
Society, and was author of a series of valuable
articles, political and historical works, too
numerous to be noted here. He died at New
Tarbet in 1714, aged eighty-four, and left a son,
who became second Earl of Cromarty, and another,
Sir James Mackenzie, Bart., a senator with the
title of Lord Royston. His grandson, George,
third Earl of Cromarty, fought at Falkirk, leading
400 of his clan, but was afterwards taken prisoner,
sent to the Tower, and sentenced to death. The
latter portion was remitted, he retired into exile,
and his son and heir entered the Swedish service;
but when the American war broke out he raised the
regiment known as Macleod?s Highlanders (latterly
the 71st Regiment), consisting of two battalions,
and served at their head in the East Indies.
Lord Royston was raised to the bench on the
7th of June, I 7 10 ; and a suit of his and the Laird of
Fraserdale, conjointly against Haliburton of Pitcur,
is recorded in ? Bruce?s Decisions ? for 17 15.
He is said to have been ?one of the wittiest

... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Granton. Scots now takefl this to be a prophecy of the thing which has happened. ? ...

Book 6 p. 310
(Score 1.04)

14 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
No. v.
LORD KAMES.
HUG0 ARNOT, ESQ. OF BALCORMO, ADVOCATE.
LORD MONBODDO.
HENRY HOME, LORDK AMESt,h e first figure in this Print, well known by his
numerous works on law and metaphysics, was a judge of the Courts of Session
and Justiciary,
He was born in the county of Berwick, in the year 1695, and was descended
of an ancient but reduced family. But it was to his own exertions, his natural
talent, and profound legal knowledge, that he was indebted for the high rank
and celebrity he subsequently attained ; for his father was in straitened circumstances,
and unable to extend to him any such aid as wealth could afford.
His lordship was early destined for the profession of the law, in which he
wisely began at the beginning ; having started in his career as a writer's apprentice,
with the view of acquiring a competent knowledge of the forms and practical
business of courts. After long and successful practice at the bar, he was raised
to the bench, and took his seat 6th February 1752.
Lord Kames possessed a flow of spirits, and a vivacity of wit and liveliness
of fancy, that rendered his society exceedingly delightful, and particularly acceptable
to the ladies, with whom he was in high favour. He is accused of having
become in his latter years somewhat parsimonious ; what truth may have been
in the accusation we know not.
Notwithstanding the general gravity of his pursuits, his lordship was naturally
of a playful disposition, and fond of a harmless practical joke, of which a
curious instance is on record.
A Mr. Wingate, who had been his private tutor in early life, but who had
by no means made himself agreeable to him, called upon him after he had
become eminent in his profession, to take his opinion regarding the validity of
certain title-deeds which he held for a sum of money advanced on land. The
lawyer, after carefully examining them, looked at his old master with an air of
the most profound concern, and expressed a hope that he had not concluded the
bargain. The alarmed pedagogue, with a most rueful countenance, answered
that he had ; when Mr. Home gravely proceeded to entertain him with a luminous
exposition of the defects of the deeds, showing, by a long series of legal
and technical objections, that they were not worth the value of the parchment
on which they were written. Having enjoyed for aome time Wingate's distress,
he relieved the sufferer by thus addressing him-"You may remember, sir, how
you made me smart in days of yore for very amall offences : now, I think our

... BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. No. v. LORD KAMES. HUG0 ARNOT, ESQ. OF BALCORMO, ADVOCATE. LORD MONBODDO. HENRY ...

Book 8 p. 17
(Score 1.04)

332 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
it was not long before he was elected Deacon of the Incorporation, and
consequently became a member of the Town Council. He was at the same
time chosen Convener of the Trades.
Intent on the practice of midwifery, he found it necessary to obtain a
medical degree as a physician before he could be admitted a Fellow of the Royal
College of Physicians. This he accordingly obtained, having probably applied
to the University of St. Andrews. The Royal College was founded in 1681,
and according to the charter, every graduate of any of the Scottish Universities
has a right to be admitted, upon paying the fees. He was first admitted a
licentiate, and at a suitable interval chosen a fellow of the College.
In 1775 Dr. Hamilton published his ‘‘ Elements of Midwifery,” which has
gone through several editions, under the title of “ Outlines of Midwifery ;” and
in 1780, he published also a “Treatise on the Management of Female Complaints,”
adapted to the use of families, which continues to be a popular work.
In the same year he was conjoined in the Professorship of Midwifery in the
College of Edinburgh with Dr. Thomas Young; and on the death of that
gentleman in 1783 he was appointed sole Professor,
Dr. Young and Dr. Hamilton gave alternately three courses of instructions
annually to male and female pupils, till the death of the former, when the
whole duty devolved upon the latter gentleman. Being now at liberty to adopt
any improvement in teaching the class he might judge proper, he set about
enlarging the plan of his lectures. His predecessors, though undoubtedly men
of abilities, felt themselves narrowed in the sphere of their exertions, and
. cramped in their endeavours to perform their academical duty to their own satisfaction,
in consequence of the strong prejudices that prevailed against the system
of tuition. In his own time, these prepossessions were beginning to give way;
but he completely effected what was obviously wanting in the scheme of medical
education at the University of Edinburgh, by giving a connected view of the
diseases peculiar to women and children. Still, however, the midwifery: class
was not in the list of those necessary to be attended before procuring the degree
of Doctor of Medicine. IIis son has succeeded in accomplishing this object,
after encountering a great deal of opposition.
Upon the 29th March 1797, the Magistrates of Edinburgh, who are the
patrons, had resolved that it should not be in the power of any Professor to
appoint another to teach in his room without their consent ; but, upon application,
Dr. Hamilton was allowed, on the 25th December 1798, to employ his
son as his assistant, and this office he discharged for two years. The Doctor
resigned his professorship upon the 26th of March 1800, and on the 9th of
April, his son was unanimously elected to the chair.
Dr, Hamilton married Miss Reid of Gorgie, by whom he had a numerous
family. He died upon the 23d of May 1802, in the sixty-fourth year of his
age.
Their being placed
there is a fancy of the artist, in allusion to the profession of the Doctor.
The figures of two ladies in the Print are not Portraits.

... BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. it was not long before he was elected Deacon of the Incorporation, and consequently ...

Book 8 p. 465
(Score 1.03)

41 4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
time on the Continent. He then returned to Edinburgh, where he afterwards
continued to reside, and was well known for his taste in the fine arts. He was
a member of the CATCH-CLUB-one of the oldest and most celebrated associations
of musical amateurs in Edinburgh-and was a constant attendant of
the concerts in St. Cecilia's Hall in the Cowgate, which were then extensively
patronised by all the " beauty and fashion" of the Scottish metropolis. Mr.
Kerr was an excellent flute-player; and he frequently performed on that
instrument at the entertainments given by the Club.
Shortly after his return from the Continent, he exerted himself greatly in
forming the Leith Bank, of which, on its institution in 1801, he was appointed
Manager. It was pretty generally surmised that, from his previous habits, the
burden of superintendence would devolve on some person under him. In this,
however, the public were greatly mistaken. fib. Kerr devoted his time and
attention exclusively to the business of the establishment ; and, by his prudence
and sagacity, managed its affairs to the greatest advantage.'
This rather surprising change in Mr. Kerr, who had formerly been as iridifferent
about money matters as he now appeared cautious and even economical,
was explained at the time in the following way :-Among other fashionable
amusements, he had sometimes indulged in cards ; and, on one occasion, found
himself so deeply involved, by a series of ill-luck, that he may be said to have
been reduced to his last shilling. In this plight he resolved to make one desperate
attempt to regain his fortune. He accordingly continued to play as if
nothing had befallen him, and was so fortunate, by a single game, as to avert
the entire ruin which inevitably appeared to await him. Deeply impressed
with the hazard he had run, it is said he rose up, and, throwing the cards on
the table, declared he would never again take one of them in his hand ; and
it is believed, he kept his word.
Mr. Kerr resided at one period in Shoemaker's Close, Canongate, and latterly
in No. 8 Queen Street.
The two remaning fi,mes in the group of Connoisseurs are imaginary.
He died at Bath on the 9th December 1820.
No. CLXIII.
REV, WILLIAM PAUL,
OXE OF THE MINISTERS OF THE WEST CHURCH.
THE REV. WILLIAM PAUL was born in Glasgow in 1754, and received his
education at the University of that city. After the ordinary course of literary
and philosophic study, he took the degree of Master of Arts; and, having
The sensation caused by one of Mr. Kerr's son8 having on the 22d April 1842 advertised that
he had ceased (in 1831) to be a partner in the bank, led to a run on the bank, which suspended
payment on the 25th of the same month.

... 4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. time on the Continent. He then returned to Edinburgh, where he afterwards continued ...

Book 8 p. 575
(Score 1.02)

out were subsequently considerably enlarged, and
the United Industrial School was the ultimate result
of the modification of the original plan.
According to a paper which was read before
EDINBURGH UNITED INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
on June 29, 1876, the day of inspection, may be
considered to represent a fairly typical statement
of the average condition of the school. According
to this report, the number of inmates stood
trial School had been found to work most satisfactorily.
The plan on whiah the school ?was
instituted in 1847, and on which it has now (1863)
for nearly a quarter of a century been conscientiously
and successfully conducted, is that of combined
instruction in things secular, separate in things
religious. The school is attended by both Protestant
and Catholic children, boys and girls.?
Statistics of such institutions may vary a little
from year to year j but the printed report issued
34
14 girls on the voluntary list, and g day scholars ;
of these 70 were Protestant and 86 Roman
Catholics.? The cases of absconding are few, and
the punishments small. The industrial training
is regarded with the full consideration it deserves,
%re are brushmaking, carpentry, turning, tailoring,
shoemaking, and woodcutting, for the boys ;
?school washing, cooking, household work, and knitting,
for the girls. The nett cost per head, including
profit and loss on the industrial departments,
?

... were subsequently considerably enlarged, and the United Industrial School was the ultimate result of the ...

Book 2 p. 265
(Score 1.02)

THE OLD TOWN. 43
~ ~~ ~- -_
and La Roche, levied once so heavy a tax upon the tears of Scotland-nay,of
the civifised world ; here also a small unhewn stone marks the grave of the
Regent Morton.
But there are yet nobler sleepers in this ' God's Acre,'-an innumerable
company of martyrs. Here stands what is called the Martyrs' Monument,
with the following inscription :-$ From May 27, 1661, that the most noble
Marquis of Argyle was beheaded, to the 17th Feb. 1688, that Mr. James
Renwick suffered, were one way or other murdered and destroyed for the
same aboirt 18,000, of whom were executed at Edinburgh about 100 of
noblemen, gentlemen, ministers, and others,-noble martyrs for Jesus Christ.
The most of them lie here.' Hire, in a spot as shown in our illustration,
two hundred of the prisoners of Bothwell Bridge were lodged for five months,
COVKNANTBRS PRISON. YACKKNZIE'S TOMB.
half-starved and brutally used, while those who survived were .shipped off to
Barbdoes. The child leaning against the original gate looks into this glorious
Golgotha, this consecrated Aceldama And near them lies buried their main
foe, the ' master-fiend ' Mackenzie j and here fancy stilI dreams that his spirit
keeps restless and wretched guard, like a sentinel of Hell, around the circle
of his victims; and boys used to cry in at the keyhole of his monument,
' Bluidy Mackenzie, come out if ye daur ;
Lift the sneck and draw the bar.'
________

... OLD TOWN. 43 ~ ~~ ~- -_ and La Roche, levied once so heavy a tax upon the tears of Scotland-nay,of the ...

Book 11 p. 67
(Score 1.01)

encrusted with legends, dates, and coats of arms,
for ages formed one of the most important features
of the Burghmuir.
This was the mansion of Wrychtis-housis, belonging
to an old baronial family named Napier,
WRIGHT?S HOUSES AND THE BARCLAY CHURCH, FROM BRUNTSFIELD LINKS.
alliances by which the family succession of the
Napiers of the Wrychtis-housis had been continued
from early times.?
By the Chamberlain Rolls, William Napier of
the Wrychtis-housis was Constable of the Castle of
to which additions had been made as generations
succeeded each other, but the original part or
nucleus of which was a simple old Scottish tower
of considerable height. ? The general effect of this
antique pile,? says Wilson, ? was greatly enhanced
on approaching it, by the numerous heraldic
devices and inscriptions which adorned every
window, doorway, and ornamental pinnacle, the
whole wall being crowded with armorial bearings,
designed to perpetuate the memory of the noble
Edinburgh in 1390, in succession to John, Earl of
Carrick (eldest son of King Robert 11.); and it is
most probable that he was the same William
Napier who held that office in 1402, and who,
in the first years of the fifteenth century, with the
aid of Archibald, Earl of Douglas, and the hapless
Duke of Rothesay, maintained that important
fortress against Henry IV. and all the might of
England.
To the gallant resistance made on this occasioo,

... with legends, dates, and coats of arms, for ages formed one of the most important features of the ...

Book 5 p. 32
(Score 1.01)

I 2 MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH.
perienced the same evils formerly resulting from its exposed position. In 1383,’ we find
King Robert IT. holding his court there, and receiving the ambassador of Charles VI. of
France, with whom he renewed the league entered into with his predecessor; and from
this time so constant an intercourse was maintained between the two courts, that both the
manners of the people and the style of building of the Scottish capital were formed on
the French model-traces of which were abundant in the last century, and are not quite
extinct even in the present day.
The
Scots, under the Earls of Douglas and March, having begun the war with great success,
the Duke of Lancaster, at the head of an army almost innumerable,’’ as Walsingham
styles it, passed the border, and marched straight to Edinburgh, which, however, he spared
from the destruction to which it was devoted, in grateful remembrance of his hospitable
entertainment there, while an exile from the English Court-a kindness the Scots showed
little appreciation of, in the reprisala with which they, as usual, followed him immediately
on his retreat to England. In requitance of this, he returned the following year and laid
the town in ashes.
It was in this incursion that the f i s t edifice of St Giles’s was destroyed; at
this time only a parish church, originally in the patronage of the Bishop of Lindisfarn, from
whom it passed into the hands of the Abbot of Dunfermline. Yet, from the remains of
the original church that were preserved almost to our own day, it would seem to have been
a building of great richness and beauty, in the early Norman style. There is a very scarce
engraving, an impression of which is in the Signet Library, exhibiting a view of a very
beautiful Norman doorway, destroyed about the year 1760, in the same reckless manner as
so many other relics of antiquity have been swept away by our local authorities ; and which
was, without doubt, a portion of the original building that had survived the conflagration
in 1385. The ancient church was, doubtless, on a much smaller scale than now, as suited
to the limits of the town ; thus described by Froissart, in his account of the reception of
De Kenne, the admiral of France, who came to the assistance of Robert 11. at this time :
--(‘Edinburgh, though the kynge kepte there his chefe resydence, and that is Parys in
Scotland; yet it is not like Tourney or Vallenciennes, for in all the towne is not foure
thousande houses ; therefore it behoved these lordes and knyghts to be lodged about in the
villages.” The reception they met with was in keeping with their lodging. We are told
the Scots (-( dyde murmure and grudge, and sayde, Who the devyll hath sent for them?
cannot we mayntayne our warre with Englande well ynoughe without their helpe ? They
understand not us, nor we theym; therefore we cannot speke toguyder. They wyll
annone ryffle, and eat up alle that ever we have in this countrey; and doo us more dispytes
and damages than thoughe the Englysshemen shulde fyght with us ; for thoughe the
Englysshe brinne our houses, we care lytell therefore ; we shall make them agayne chepe
ynough ! ”
In the succeeding reign, at the close of 1390, we again find the ambassadors of Charles
VI. at the Scottish Court, where they were honourably entertained, and witnessed, in the
Castle of Edinburgh, the King’s putting his hand and seal to the treaty of mutual aid and
defence against the English, which had been drawn up in the reign of his father. Shortly
Immediately thereafter, in 1384, the town is found in the hands of the English.
r1385.J
Martial Achievemente, vol. ii. p. 185. Lord Ekrners Froiaeart.

... 2 MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH. perienced the same evils formerly resulting from its exposed position. In 1383,’ we ...

Book 10 p. 13
(Score 1.01)

Burghmuir.] ST. ROQUES CHAPEL. 47
Greenhill, whereon stood an old gable-ended and
gableted manor-house, on the site of which is now
the great square modem mansion which bears its
name. In a street here, called Greenhill Gardens,
there stands a remarkable parterre, or open burialplace,
wherein lie the remains of more than one proprietor
of the estate. A tomb bears the initials
J. L. and E. R., being those of ?John Livingstone
and Elizabeth Rig, his spouse,? who acquired
the lands of Greenhill in 1636 ; and the adjacent
thoroughbre, named Chamberlain Road, is so
called from an official of the city, named Fairholme,
who is also buried there.
A dispute-Temple and Halliday with Adam
Cairns of Greenhill -is reported before the
lords in 1706, concerning a tenement in the
Lawnmarket, which would seem to have been
?spoiled and deteriorated? in the fire of 1701.
(Fountainhall.)
In 1741 Mr. Thomas Fairholme, merchant in
Edinburgh, married Miss Warrender, daughter of
Sir George Warrender of Bruntsfield, and his death
at Greenhill is reported in the Scuts Magazine for
1771. There was a tenement called Fairholme
Land in the High Street, immediately adjoinicg
the Royal Exchange on the east, as appears from
the Scuts Magazine of 1754, probab!y erected by
Bailie Fairholme, a magistrate in the time of
Charles 11.
Kay gives us a portrait of George Fairholme of
Greenhill (and of Green-know, Berwickshire), who,
with his younger brother, William of Chapel, had
long resided in Holland, where they became
wealthy bankers, and where the former cultivated
a natural taste for the fine arts, and in after life
became celebrated as a judicious collector of
pictures, and of etchings by Rembrandt, all of
which became the property of his nephew, Adam
Fairholme of Chapel, Berwickshire. He died in
his seventieth year, in 1800, and was interred in
the family burying-place at Greenhill.
In a disposition of the lands of the latter estate
by George Fairholme, in favour of Thomas Wright,
dated 16th, and recorded 18th February, 1790, in
the sheriffs? books at Edinburgh, the preservation of
the old family tomb, which forms so singular a
feature in a modern street, is thus provided for :-
? Reserving nevertheless to me the liberty and
privilege of burying the dead of my own family,
and such of my relations to whom I, during my
own lifetime, shall communicate such privilege, in
the burial-place built upon the said lands, and
?Teserving likewise access to me and my heirs to
repair the said burial-place from time to time, as we
shall think proper.?
? Greenhill became lztterly the property of the
Stuart-Forbeses of Pitsligo, baronets.
After passing the old mansion named East
Morningside House, the White House Loan joins
at right angles the ancient thoroughfare named the
Grange Loan, which led of old from the Linton
Road to St. Giles?s Grange, and latterly the Causewayside.
On the south side of it a modern villa takes its
name of St. Roque from an ancient chapel which
stood there, and the ruins of which were extant
within the memory of many of the last generation.
The chapels of St. Roque and St. John, on the
Burghmuir, were both dependencies of St. Cuthbert?s
Church. The historian of the latter absurdly
conceives it to have been named from a French
ambassador, Lecroc, who was in Scotland in 1567.
The date of its foundation is involved in obscurity;
but entries occur in the Treasurer?s Accounts for
1507, when on St. Roque?s Day (15th August) James
IV. made an offering of thirteen shillings. ? That
this refers to the chapel on the Burghmuir is
proved,? says Wilson, ? by the evidence of two
charters signed by the king at Edinburgh on the
same day.?
Arnot gives a view of the chapel from the northeast,
showing the remains of a large pointed window,
that had once been filled in with Gothic tracery;
and states that it is owing ?to the superstitious
awe of the people that one stone of this chapel has
been left upon another-a superstition which, had
it been more constant in its operations, might have
checked the tearing zeal of reformation. About
thirty years ago the proprietor of the ground
employed masons to pull down the walls of the
chape! ; the scaffolding gave way ; the tradesmen
were killed. The accident was looked upon as a
judgment against those who were demolishing thk
house of God. No entreaties nor bribes by the
proprietor could prevail upon tradesmen to accomplish
its demolition.?
It was a belief of old that St. Roque?s intercession
could protect all from pestilence, as he was
distinguished for his piety and labours during a
plague in Italy in 1348. Thus Sir David Lindesay
says of-
1?- Superstitious pilgramages
To monie divers imagis ;
Sum to Sanct Roche with diligence,
To saif them from the pestilence.?
Thus it is, in accordance with the attributes ascribed
in Church legends to St. Roque, that we find
his chapel constantly resorted to by the victims of
the plague encamped on the Burghmuir, during the
prevalence of that scourge in the sixteenth century.

... ST. ROQUES CHAPEL. 47 Greenhill, whereon stood an old gable-ended and gableted manor-house, on the ...

Book 5 p. 47
(Score 1)

OUTLINE OF ITS GEOLOGY. 147
leaf upon leaf, and mark how they retain even yet the ripple-mark impressed
upon them by the moving water when they were still soft sand and mud,
Many a face of the rock is covered with the trails of sea-worms which have
left no other traces of their former existence. Were we to judge merely from
the scarcity of fossils in these rocks, we might infer that the waters of the sea
were not very prolific of life. Yet some of the beds of black and coal-like
shale are crowded with- remains of gmptuZittes-slim grass-like stalks, each
with a single or double row of close-fitting cells, in which separate individuals
of a simple form of animal life now extinct once lived. These gruptuZifes, of
which many species have been described, are almost the only fossils found
among the Lammermuir and Moorfoot Hills. They are characteristic of that
period of geological time to which the name of Silurian has been given.
Before the close of this period, when a depth of many thousand feet of
sand, mud, and gravel had been accumulated over the sea-bottom, ode of
those great changes took place by which the crust of the earth has from time
to time been affected. The vast mass of submarine sediment was squeezed
and crumpled in such a way that the beds, originally horizontal, came to stand
on end, and to be folded over and over like so many piles of carpets. It was
this subterranean movement, prolonged probably through a succession of
geological ages, which upbeaved the mass of land that has been carved into
the present Highlands and the uplands of the Southern counties.
But though some parts of the sea-floor were no doubt soon raised into land,
and though as the subterranean movements continued the extent of land probably
grew in proportion, the same ocean, with many of the same inhabitants,
still lay beyond. Here and there, too, it ran in bays and channels into the new
land. Among the Pentland Hills,
for example, in the now hardened and broken sediments of' its bottom, occur
the remains of small sponges, corals, crinoids, trilobites, brachiopods, lamellibranchs,
and cephalopods. These fossils are crowded thickly together in
certain bands of rock, while in others they occur but rarely. They agree
generally with those found in the Ludlow and Wenlock formations of the
upper Silurian series of England and Wales.
The underground movements seem to have continued not only to the close
of the Silurian period, but far into the next great chapter of geological t i m e
%hat of the Lower Old Red Sandstone. The sea-bottom over the area of
Britain was thereby raised into an irregular mass of land with wide inland
seas or lakes, some of which may still have retained a communication with
the open ocean. In those enclosed sheets of water the characteristic con-
Its waters in some places teemed with life.

... OF ITS GEOLOGY. 147 leaf upon leaf, and mark how they retain even yet the ripple-mark impressed upon them ...

Book 11 p. 206
(Score 0.99)

ST LEONARD’S, ST MARY’S WYND, AND COWGATE. 323
and crowned heart, the well-known crest of the Douglases of Queensberry ; suggesting
the likelihood of its having been the town mansion of one of the first Earls, not improbably
William Douglas, Viscount Drumlanrig, created Earl of Queensberry by King
Charles I. during his visit to Scotland in 1633. The projecting staircase of the adjoining
tenement to the south had a curious ogee arched window, evidently of early character, and
fitted with the antique oaken transom and folding shutters below. A defaced inscription
and date was decipherable over the lintel of the outer doorway, and one of the doors on
the stair possessed the old-fashioned appendage of a tirling-pin. Many of the buildings
which remained till the total demolition of the Wynd were of an early character; and
some 01 them bore the initials of their builders on an ornamental shield sculptured on
the lowest crow-step, with the date 1736-the only specimens of the kind that were known
belonging to the eighteenth century.
At the head of the wynd, on the east side, and on ground partly occupied by North
College Street, once stood a house which would now have been regarded with peculiar
interest as the birthplace of Sir Walter Scott. The elder Mr Scott then lived,
according to the simple fashion of our forefathers,. on a Jut of the old tenement,
approached from a little court behind by a turnpike stair, the different floors of which
sufficed for the accommodation of equally reputable tenants, until its demolition about
eighty years since to make way for the projected extension of the College. Here also,
near the top of the wynd, was the residence of the celebrated chemist, Dr Bla’ck; and
doubtless, many of the learned professors were distributed, with other eminent persons,
among the densely-peopled lands of this classic locality ; where, to complete its literary
associations, tradition delights to tell that Oliver Goldsmith lodged, while studying
medicine at the neighbouring University.
The accompanying engraving represents a portion of the antique range of edzces that
extends between the College and the Horse Wynds. Here again, however, we are
baffled in our search after their earlier occupants. The building to the east of St Peter’s
Close was a very substantial stone edifice of a highly ornamental character, which
undoubtedly formed the residence of noble proprietors in early times. It appeared to be
an ancient building, remodelled and enlarged, probably
about the close of James VL’e reign. Three large and
elegant dormer windows rose above the roof, the centre
one of which was surmounted by an escallop shell, while
a second tier of windows of similar form appeared behind
them, and sprang from what we conceived to have been
the original stone front of the building. The antique ;
staircase projected forward in a line with the more recent ,
additions, and on its lintel the initials of the original
proprietors, as represented in the accompanying woodcut.
On the other side of St Peter’s Pend was the singularly picturesque timber-fronted tenement,
the cu;iously-carved lintel of which forms the vignette at the head of this chapter. An
outside stair, constructed in a recess formed by the projection of a neighbouring building,
1 The College and Horse Wynrh have, with the exception of a land of each, suffered at the hands of the Improvementa’
Commission. St Peter’s Closey standing as it did between the two wpnds, haa been totally extinguished.

... LEONARD’S, ST MARY’S WYND, AND COWGATE. 323 and crowned heart, the well-known crest of the Douglases of ...

Book 10 p. 351
(Score 0.98)

380 MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH.
clergy to adapt it to the wants of the rising town. In all the changes that it underwent
for above seven centuries, the original north door, with its beautifully recessed Norman
arches and grotesque decorations, always commanded the veneration of the innovators, and
remained as a precious relic of the past, until the tasteless improvers of the eighteenth
century demolished it without a cause, and probably for no better reason than to evade the
cost of its repair.
As the population of the town increased, and it advanced in wealth and importance,
altars and chapels were founded and endowed by its own citizens, or by some of the
eminent Scottiah ecclesiastics who latterly resided in Edinburgh; so that St Giles’s had
increased to a wealthy corporation, with numerous altarages and chaplainries, previous to
its erection into a collegiate church by the charter of James 111. in 1466. As usual with
all large churches, St Giles’s presented internally the form of a cross, with the central
tower placed at the junction of the nave and choir with the transepts. Externally, however,
this had almost entirely disappeared, owing to the numerous chapels and aisles added
at various dates, and it has only been restored by sacrificing some of the most interesting
and unique features of the ancient building. Previous to the alterations of 1462, notwithstanding
the general enlargement of the church by the addition of one or more rows of
chapels on either side of the nave, no portion of the central building appears to have been
elevated into a clerestory; and in the nave this addition forms one of the modern alterations
effected in 1829. Before that recent remodelling, the nave was only elevated a
few feet bigher than the aisles, and was finished in the same style in which the north
aisle still remains, with a neat but simple groising springing from the capitals of the
pillars, and decorated with sculptured bosses at the intersections. The south aisle of the
nave is evidently the work of a later date. The rich groining and form of its vaulting afford
an interesting subject of study for the architectural chronologist, when compared with the
simpler design of the north aisle. We may conclude, with little hesitation, from the style
of the former, that it was rebuilt in 1387, along with the five chapels to the south of it
described hereafter ; and, indeed, the construction of the light and beautiful shafts from
which their mutual vaultings spring, almost necessarily involved the demolition of the old
aisle. Over the vaulted roof of the centre aisle, in the space now occupied by the clerestory,
a rude attic was erected, which included several apartments, latterly used as the
residence of the bell-ringer Mitchell with his wife and family, who ascended to their
elevated abode by the antique turnpike thaE formerly rose into an octagonal pointed roof of
curious stonework, near the central tower. The arches of the tower still remain to show
the original height of the nave ; and a careful inspection of the choir proves, beyond all
doubt, that it underwent a similar alteration by the construction of a clerestory, at the
same time that it was lengthened, by the addition of the two eastmost arches, about the
middIe of the fifteenth century.’ In some of the larger Gothic churches, the architects
are fouud to have ingeniously aided the perspective of (‘ the long drawn aisles,” by dirninishing
the breadth of the arches aa they approach the east end of the choir, where the high
altar stood, thereby adding to its apparent extent. In St Giles’s Church, however, the
opposite is found to be the case. The two eastmost arches are wider and loftier than the
The choir was probably lengthened only to the extent of one arch ; but the removal of the e& wall would newsmuily
involve the rebuilding of the second.

... MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH. clergy to adapt it to the wants of the rising town. In all the changes that it ...

Book 10 p. 417
(Score 0.98)

The Castle Hill.] THE RAGGED SCHOOL. 87
the said burgh situated under the Castle Hill t+
wards the north, to the head of the bank, and so
going down to the said North Loch,? &c.
This right of proprietary seems clear enough,
yet Lord Neaves decided in favour of the Crown,
and found that the ground adjacent to the
Castle of Edinburgh, including the Esplanade and
the north and south banks or braes,? belonged,
(?jure coronte, to Her Majesty as part and pertinent
of the said Castle.?
CHAPTER IX.
THE CASTLE HILL (cmclded).
Dr. Guthrie?s Original Ragged School-Old Houses in the Streetof the Castle Hill-Duke of Gordon?s House, Blair?s Close-Webster?s
CloscDr. Alex. Webster-Boswell?s Court-Hyndford House-Assembly Hall-Houses of the Marquis of Argyle, Sir Andrew Kcnnedy,
the Earl of Cassillis, the Laird of Cockpen--Lord Semple?s House-Lord Semple-Palace of Mary of Gub-Its Fate.
ON the north side of this thoroughfare-which,
within 150 years ago, was one of the most
aristocratic quarters of the old city-two great
breaches have been made: one when the Free
Church College was built in 1846, and the other, a
little later, when Short?s Observatory was built in
Ramsay Lane, together with the Original Ragged
School, which owes its existence to the philanthropic
efforts of the late Dr. Guthrie, who, with
Drs. Chalmers, Cunningham, and Candlish, took
so leading a part in the pon-intrusion controversy,
which ended in the disruption in 1843 and the
institution of the Free Church of Scotland. In 1847
Guthrie?s fervent and heart-stirring appeals on behalf
of the homeless and destitute children, the little
street Arabs of the Scottish capital, led to the
establishment of the Edinburgh Original Ragged
Industrial School, which has been productive of
incalculable benefit to the children of the poorer
classes of the city, by affording them the blessing of
a good common and Christian education, by training
them in habits of industry, enabling them to
earn an honest livelihood, and fitting them for
the duties of life,
All children are excluded who attend regular
day-schools, whose parents have a regular income,
or who receive support or education from the parochial
board; and the Association consists of all subscribers
of 10s. and upwards per annum, or donors
of A5 and upwards; and the general plan upon
which this ragged school and its branch establishment
at Leith Walk, are conducted is as follows,
viz.:-?To give children an adequate allowance of
food for their daily support; to instruct them in
reading, writing, and arithmetic ; to train them in
habits of industry, by instructing and employing
them in such sorts of work as are suited to their
years; to teach them the truths of the Gospel,
making the Holy Scriptures the groundwork of
instruction. On Sabbath the children shall receive
food as on other days, and such religious instruction
as shall be arranged by the acting committee,?
which consists of not less than twelve members.
To this most excellent institution no children
are admissible who are above fourteen or under five
years of age, and they must either be natives of
Edinburgh or resident there at least twelve months
prior to application for admission, though, in special
cases, it may be limited to six. None are admitted
or retained who labour under infectious disease, or
whose mental or bodily constitution renders them
incapable of profiting by the institution. All must ,
attend church on Sunday, and no formula of
doctrine is taught to which their parents may
object ; and children are excused from attendance
at school or worship on Sunday whose parents
object to their attendance, but who undertake that
the children are otherwise religiously instructed in
the tenets of the communion to which they belong,
provided they are in a condition to be entrusted
with the care of their children.
Such were the broad, generous, and liberal views
of Dr. Guthne, and most ably have they been
carried out.
According to the Report for 187g-which may
be taken as fairly typical of the work done in this
eminently useful institution-there was an average
attendance. in the Ramsay Lane Schools of 216
boys and 89 girls. The Industrial Department
comprises carpentry, box-making, shoemaking, and
tailoring, and the net, profits made by the boys
in these branches amounted to &;I& 14s. 5+d.
Besides this the boys do all the washing, help the
cook, make their beds, and wash the rooms they
occupy twice a week. The washing done by boys
was estimated at A130, and the girls, equally
industrious, did work to the value (including the
washing) of A109 7s.
Full of years and honour, Dr. Thomas Guthne
died 24th February, 1873.
Memories of these old houses that have passed
away, yet remain, while on the opposite side of the

... Castle Hill.] THE RAGGED SCHOOL. 87 the said burgh situated under the Castle Hill t+ wards the north, to the ...

Book 1 p. 87
(Score 0.97)

22 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [University.
that young men are sent here from Ireland, from
Flanders, and even from Russia ; and the English
of the true old stamp prefer having their sons here,
than in Oxford and Cambridge, in order to remove
them from the luxury and enormous expense which
prevail in these places.?
In the olden time, as now, a silver mace was
borne before the principal. The original was one
of six, traditionally said to have been found, in the
year 1683, in the tomb of Bishop Kennedy, at
St. Andrews. Two of these are now preserved
there, in the Divinity College of St. Mary?s ; one, of
gorgeous construction, is now in the College of St.
Salvator, and the other three were respectively presented
to the Universities of Aberdeen, Glasgow,
and Edinburgh. They are supposed to have been
constructed for Bishop Kennedy in 1461, by a
goldsmith of Paris named Mair.
From Kincaid we learn that, unfortunately, the
silver mace given to the Edinburgh University was
stolen, and never recovered, though a handsome
reward was offered; and on the 2nd October,
1788, a very ornamental new one was presented to
the senatus by the Magistrates, as patrons of the
University.
Halls and suites of chambers had been added
to the latter from time to time by private citizens ;
but no regular plan was adopted, and till the time
of their demolition the old College buildings presented
a rude assemblage of gable-ended and
crowstepped edifices, of various dates, and little
pretension to ornament.
So early as 1763 a ?memorial relating to the
University of Edinburgh ? was drawn up by one of
its professors, containing a proposal for the rebuilding
of the College on the site of the old
buildings, and on a regular plan j voluntary contributions
were to be received from patriotic individuals,
and, under proper persons, places were
opened for public subscriptions. The proposal
was not without interest for a time ; but the shadow
of the ? dark age ? lay still upon Edinburgh. The
means proved insufficient to realise the project;
thus it was laid aside till more favourable times
should come; but the interval of the American
war seemed to render it hopeless of achievement.
In 1785, however, the design was again brought
before the public in a spirited letter, addressed to
the Right Hon. Henry Dundas (afterwards Viscount
Melville), ?? On the proposed improvements
of the city of Edinburgh, and on the means of
accomplishing them.? Soon after this, the magistrates
set on foot a subscription for erecting a new
structure, according to a design prepared by the
celebrated architect, Robert Adam. Had his plans
been carried out in their integrity, the present
structure would have been much more imposing
and magnificent than it is ; but it was found, after
the erection began to progress, that funds failed,
and a curtailment of the original design became
necessary.
After a portion of the old buildings had been
pulled down, the foundation stone of the new
college was laid on the 16th of November, 1789,
by Lord Napier, as Grand Master Mason of Scotland,
the lineal descendant of the great inventor of
the logarithms. The ceremony on this occasion
was peculiarly impressive.
The streets were lined by the 35th Regiment
and the old City Guard. There were present the
Lord Provost, Thomas Elder of Forneth, the whole
bench of magistrates in their robes, with the regalia
of the city, the Principal (Robertson, the historian),
and the entire Senatus Academicus, in their gowns,
with the new silver mace borne before them, all
the students wearing laurel in their hats, Mr.
Schetkey?s band of singers, and all the Masonic
lodges, with their proper insignia. Many Scottish
nobles and gentry were in the procession, which
started from the Parliament Square, and passing by
the South Bridge, reached the site at one o?clock,
amid 30,000 spectators.
The foundation stone was laid in the usual form,
and, amid prayer, corn, oil, and wine were poured
upon it. Two crystal bottles, cast on purpose at
the Glass House of Leith, were deposited in the
cavity, containing coins of the reigning sovereign,
cased in crystal. These were placed in one bottle;
in the other were deposited seven rolls of vellum,
containing an account of the original foundation
and the then state of the university. The bottles,
being carefully sealed up, were covered with a plate
of copper wrapped in block tin. On these were
engraved the arms of the city, of the university,
and of Lord Napier. The inscription on the plate
was as follows, but in Latin :-
? By the blessing of Almighty God, in the reign
of the most magnificent Prince George III., the
buildings of the University of Edinburgh, being
originally very mean, and almost a ruin, the Right
Hon. Francis Lord Napier, Grand Master of the
Fraternity of Freemasons in Scotland, amid the
acclamations of a prodigious concourse of all
ranks of people, laid the foundation stone of this
new fabric, in which a union of elegance with convenience,
suitable to the dignity of such a celebrated
seat of learning, has been studied. On the
16th day of November, in the year of our Lord
1789, and of the era of Masonry 5789, Thomas

... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [University. that young men are sent here from Ireland, from Flanders, and even from ...

Book 5 p. 22
(Score 0.97)

322 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
In the University of Edinburgh the taste for Grecian literature had been gradually
giving way. Besides, the great fame of Professor Moor of the Glasgow
College, together with the excellent editions of the Greek classics then issuing
from the press of the Foulises, had well-nigh annihilated the reputation of the
capital altogether. The enthusiasm and ability of Professor Dalziel, however,
imparted new life to the study of classical learning; and the various improvements
which he introduced in his system of tuition, tended in an eminent degree
to restore the character of the University, and to draw around him students
from the most distant quarters. The elementary class-books he compiled were
so well adapted to the object for which they were designed, that they soon
found their way into many of the chief schools of England ; and, with certain
modifications and improvements, are still very generally in use.
Professor Dalziel was in the habit of delivering a series of lectures to his
students on Grecian history, antiquities, literature, philosophy, and the fine arts.
These discourses were always well attended, and were deeply interesting even to
the youngest of his auditors. “There was a witchery in his address which
could prevail alike over sloth and over levity,” and never failed to rivet the
attention of his hearers.
When the Royal Society of Edinburgh was instituted in 1783, Mr. Dalziel
was prevailed on to undertake the duties of Secretary to its literary class ; and
to his labours while acting in this capacity, the Society is indebted for several
able essays and other interesting communications.
On the death of Dr. James Robertson, Professor of Oriental Languages in
1795, Mr. Dalziel, who had been associated with him as conjunct Secretary and
Librarian, was appointed Keeper of the College Library, having as his assistant
Mr. Duke Gordon, with whom he lived on terms of great intimacy ; and, on
whose death, in 1802, he did ample justice to his memory, in an exceedingly
well written and very interesting memoir of his life, which he communicated
to the Editor of the Scots Magazine.
After a lingering illness, Mr. Dalziel died on the 8th December 1806. He
was married to a daughter of Dr. Drysdale, his early friend and benefactor-a
lady of distinguished accomplishments and sweetness of temper, by whom he
had several children.
In stature
he was among the tallest of the middle size; his complexion was fair ; his
aspect mild and interesting ; his eyes were blue, and full of vigorous expression ;
and his features plump, without heaviness or grossness. His address was graceful
and impressive. He took little exercise ; but when he did walk, his favourite
resort was the King’s Park. The attitude in which he is portrayed in the
Print represents him in one of his rural excursions. During the latter period
of his life Mr. Dalziel resided within the College, in the house which had been
long occupied by Principal Robertson.
The personal appearance of Professor Dalziel was prepossessing.

... BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. In the University of Edinburgh the taste for Grecian literature had been ...

Book 8 p. 452
(Score 0.97)

$52 ? OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Leith.
remainder of the structure cannot be earlier than
the close of the sixteenth century, and the date
on the steeple, which closely resembles that of the
old Tron church, destroyed in the great fire of 1824,
4?St. Ninian?s chapel still occupies its ancient
site on the bank of the Water of Leith, but very
little of the original structure of the good abbot
remains : probably no more than a small portion
of the basement wall on the north side, where a
small doorway appears with an elliptical arch, now
built up and .partly sunk in the ground. The
There is a more modem addition to the new
church, erected apparently in the reign of Queen
Anne, and into it has beeeuilt a sculptured lintel,
bearing in large Roman letters the legend :-
present edifice on the old one, erected a parsonage,
and in i 606 obtained an Act of Parliament erecting
the district into a parish, named North Leith, which,
even after the Reformation was achieved, had nu
pastor in place of the old chaplain till 1599, when
a Mr. James Muirhead was appointed to the
ministry.
is 1675.??
After the Reformation, when the chaplain?s
house, the tithes, and other pertinents of the chaDei,
- -
?BISSSED. AR. THEY. YAT. HEIR. YE. VORD. OF. GOD,
AND. KEEP. 1600.
were ?acquired by purchase- from John Bothieli
the Protestant commendator of Holyrood, the new
proprietors immediately rebuilt, or engrafted, the
When erected into a parish Ehurch, it was endowed
with sundry grants, including the neighbouring
chapel and hospital of St. Nicholas.

... ? OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Leith. remainder of the structure cannot be earlier than the close of the sixteenth ...

Book 6 p. 252
(Score 0.96)

forth, all neatly done up with red tape. . . .
His own writing apparatus was a very handsome
old box, richly carved, lined with crimson velvet,
and containing ink-bottles, taper-stand, &c., in
silver, The room had no space for pictures, except
one, an original portrait of Claverhouse, which
SIR WALTER SCOTT?S HOUSE, CASTLE STREET.
the upper leaves before opening it. I think I have
mentioned all the furniture of the room, except a
sort of ladder, low, broad, and well carpeted, and
strongly guarded with oaken rails, by which he
helped himself to books from his higher shelves.
On the top step of this convenience, Hinse, a
hung over the chimney-piece, with a Highland
target on either side, and broadswords and dirks
(each having its own story) disposed star-fashion
round them. A few green tin boxes, such as
solicitors keep their deeds in, wee piled over each
other on one side of the window, and on the top of
these lay a fox?s tail, mounted on an antique silver
handle, wherewith, as often as he had occasion to
take down a book, he gently brushed the dust off
venerable tom-cat, fat and sleek, and no longer
very locomotive, usually lay, watching the proceedings
of his master and Maida with an au cif
dignified equanimity.?
Scott?s professional practice at the bar was never
anything to speak of; but in 1812 his salary and
fees as a Principal Clerk of Session were commuted
into a fixed salary of ;Gr,6oo annually, an income
he enjoyed for upwards of twenty-five years. His

... all neatly done up with red tape. . . . His own writing apparatus was a very handsome old box, richly ...

Book 3 p. 164
(Score 0.96)

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 211
No. LXXXVII.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE DAVID EARL OF LEVEN
AND MELVILLE.
DAVID, sixth EARL of LEVEN and fifth of MELVILLE, was the only son
of Alexander, fifth Earl of Leven, by Mary, daughter of Colonel Erskine of
Carnock, and was born in 1722. His lordship entered the army in 1744, and
held a company in the 16th Regiment of Foot ; but he left the military service
on succeeding to the family titles and estates, by the demise of his father, in
1751. For a series of years his lordship seems to have interfered little in
public matters. In 1773 he was appointed one of the Lords of Police-an
office which he held till the abolition of that Board in 1782. In the following
year he became Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly.
In those days the “pomp and circumstance” of the Commissioner’s office
were matters of much greater moment than they are at present. The levees ’
were then numerously attended by the nobility ; and the opening procession
to the Assembly, in particular, created feelings of great excitement : the streets
were thronged with people, and the windows crowded with all the beauty and
fashion of the town, while the retinue of the Commissioner was generally
numerous and imposing. The Sunday processions to church were also very
attractive. In addition to the usual attendance of the military on such occasions,
bands of music were in requisition, which, to the great annoyance of
many a sturdy Presbyterian, struck up the moment the procession issued from
the place where his Grace held his levee, and while it proceeded towards the
High Church. The Commissioner was always preceded by the heralds, and
followed by a long train of noblemen and gentlemen, both lay and clerical,
besides ladies in full court dress.’
The Earl continued to act as Commissioner for nearly twenty years, and
took much pleasure in the annual display of official greatness. The leader
of the Assembly, during the greater part of that time, was the celebrated
Principal Robertson, on the moderate side; his opponent being his own colleague
in the Old Greyfriars’ Church, Dr. John Erskine of Carnock (cousin
to the Earl), who led what was then called the dZd party.
In 1801, the Earl (then in his 80th year) was succeeded in the Commissionership
by Lord Napier ; and it may be mentioned, as an instance of the enthu-
They were held in Fortune’s Tavern, Old Stamp-Office Close ; and when Fortune removed to . Princes Street, the levees took place in the King’s Arms Tavern, New Assembly Close, where the
public dancing assemblies were held-afterwards the site of the Commercial Bank.
The old Town Guard, who were always furnished with new unifoims for the occaaion, were
allowed the honour of precedency, by takiug the right-hand side of the procession, in preference to
the military.

... SKETCHES. 211 No. LXXXVII. THE RIGHT HONOURABLE DAVID EARL OF LEVEN AND MELVILLE. DAVID, sixth ...

Book 8 p. 297
(Score 0.96)

152 EDINBURGH PAST AND PRESENT.
traverses the coal-field near Niddry, while two very conspicuous examples
run across the Carboniferous Limestone series near Prestongrange and Longniddry.
Another great gap, for the filling up of whichno evidence exists in this
part of the country, separates these volcanic rocks from the next geological
events in our chronicle-those of the Ice Age. The neighbourhood of Edinburgh
will always bear a special interest in regard to this part of geology, from
the fact 'that it was here Sir James Hall observed and described, those
dressed ' rock-surfaces which are now everywhere acknowledged to be due to
the grindiog action of ice. They are to be seen on the west slope of Corstorphine
Hill, on the top of the southern part of Salisbury Crags, on the sandstone
at Joppa salt-pans, on the porphyrite at Blackford Quarry, on the top of
Allermuir Hill, one of the Pentlands, at a height of 1617 feet, and in many
other places. The general direction of the strk and groovings is a little to the
north of east, indicating that the mass of ice which produced these markings
moved seawards along the line of the valley of the Firth of Forth.. The roqks
of the neighbourhood of Edinburgh pass beneath masses of glacial drift-the
productof the glaciers, icebergs, and seas of the glacial period. At the bottom
of these deposits lies the boulderclay or till-a stiff dark-blue clay stuck full of
stones of all sizes, up to blocks of a yard in diameter. Many of these are well
smoothed, and striated like the surfaces of the solid rocks underneath. On
examination it is found that the majority of them are of local derivation, that
some have come from distances of ten or fifteen miles to the west, a smaller
proportion from western hills twenty or thirty miles away, while a very small
number have travelled from the Highland mountains. Thus the stones
corroborate the testimony of the striz on the rocks, that the general icemovement
was here from the west. The gradual deflection to east-by-north
,was evidently due to the influence of the shape and direction of the great
valley upon the march of the ice.
While the lower parts of the boulderclay appear to have been formed under
a huge sheet of land-ice moving steadily across the country, like the enormous
icemantle of Greenland, the upper parts of the deposit suggest that they may
have originated to some extent in the sea, either underdw solid ice or under
the broken bergs which flanked the long front of the ice-sheet They contain
larger blocks than the lower parts of the till, and these are often arranged in
rude lines.
The boulderclay, as might be expected, is singularly destitute of fossils.
To the west of Edinburgh,; when the Union Canal was being cut, a well

... EDINBURGH PAST AND PRESENT. traverses the coal-field near Niddry, while two very conspicuous examples run ...

Book 11 p. 211
(Score 0.95)

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