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372 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Heriot?s Green.
a round hat, with a cockade and black feather on
the left side, buttons having on them the arms .of
the city and inscribed, Edirzburgh Yolunttes (Scuts
Zug., 1794 &c.), their oval belt plates also bearing
thecityarms. Twoof the companieswere grenadiers,
and all men of unusual stature. They wore bearskin
caps, with the grenade thereon, and on their skirts.
The belts, black at first, were afterwards painted
white: but, as the paint scaled off, plain buff was
A second regiment of Edinburgh volunteers was
formed in the same manner in 1797, when a landing
of the French was expected in Ireland, and the
first battalion volunteered to garrison the Castle, to
permit the withdrawal of the regular troops. This
offer was renewed in 1801, when the Lieutenant-
Colonel, the Right Hon. Charles Hope, afterwards
Lord President, wrote thus to General Vyse, commanding
the forces:-
HERIOT?S HOSPITAL : THE COUNCIL ROOM.
substituted, and the first showy uniform underwent
changes.
The colours presented to them were very handsome;
the King?s bore a crown and the letters
G.R. ; the regimental bore the arms of Edinburgh.
The magistrates, the senators, Academicians and
the whole Town Council, were on the ground in
their robes of office. From the green the battalion
marched by the bridges to Princes Street, where the
colours were presented to them by Mrs. Elder,
after which they went to the house of the Lord
Provost, Sir James Stirling, Bart., in Queen?s Street.
The ?latter, in virtue of his office, was honorary
colonel of the regiment; but all the other commissions
were conferred by the king, on the recommendation
of the volunteers themselves
?In the event of an enemy appearing on our
coast, we trust that you will be able to provide for
the temporary safety of Edinburgh Castle by means
of its own invalids, and the recruits and convalescents
of the numerous corps and detachments in
and about Edinburgh ; and that, as we have more
to lose than the brave fellows of the other volunteer
regiments who have extended their services, you
will allow us to be the first to share the danger,
as well as the glory, which we are confident his
Majesty?s troops will acquire under your command,
if opposed to an invading army,?
But in the following year Heriot?s Green saw
the last of these two regiments.
After eight years of military parade, and many
a sham fight on Leith Links and at Musselburgh

... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Heriot?s Green. a round hat, with a cockade and black feather on the left side, ...

Book 4 p. 372
(Score 0.72)

according to Bellenden, was now standing boldly
at bay, and, with its branching antlers, put the life
of the pious monarch in imminent jeopardy, as he
and his horse were both borne to the ground.
With a short hunting-sword, while fruitlessly endeavouring
to defend himself against the infuriated
animal, there appeared-continues the legend-a
silver cloud, from the centre of which there came
forth a hand, which placed in that of David a
sparkling cross of miraculous construction, in so far
that the material of which it was composed could
never be discovered. Scared by this interposition,
the white stag fled down the hollow way between
the hills, but was afterwards slain by Sir Gregan
Crawford, whose crest, a stag?s head erased with
a cross-crosslet between the antlers, is still borne
by his descendants, the Crawfords of Kilbirnie,
in memory of that eventful day in the forest of
Drurnsheugh.
Thoughtful, and oppressed with great awe, the
king slowly wended his way through the forest to
the Castle ; but the wonder did not end there, for
when, after a long vigil, the king slept, there appeared
by his couch St. Andrew, the apostle of
Scotland, surrounded by rays of glory, instructing
him to found, upon the exact spot where he had
been miraculously saved, a fwegfh monastery for
the canons regular of St. Augustine ; and, in obedience
to this vision, he built the noble abbey
of Holyrood, ?in the little valley between two
mountains ?-i.e., the Craigs and the Calton.
Therein the marvellous cross was preserved till
it was lost at a long subsequent period; but, in
memory of St. David?s adventure on Rood-day, a
stag?s head with a cross between the antlers is still
boqe as the arms of the Canongate. Alfwin was
appointed first abbot, and left a glorious memory
for many virtues.*
Though nobly endowed, this famous edifice was
not built for several years, during which the
monks were received into the Castle, and occupied
buildings which had been previously the abode
of a community of nuns, who, by permission of
Pope Alexander III., were removed, the monks,
as Father Hay tells us, being deemed ?as fitter
to live among soldiers.? Abbot M7illiard appears,
in 1152, as second superior of the monks in the
Castrum Puellarum, where they resided till I I 76.
A vehement dispute respecting the payment of
tithes having occurred between Robert bishop of
St. Andrews and Gaufrid abbot of Dunfermline,
it was decided by the king, apud Casielum
PueZZamm, m presence of a great convention, con-
? ? Memorials of Ediiburgh Castle.?
sisting of the abbots of Holyrood and Stirling,
Gregory bishop of Dunkeld, the Earls of Fife and
March, Hugo de Morville the Lord High Constable,
William Lord of Carnwath, David de
Oliphant a knight of Lothian, Henry the son of
Swan, and many others, and the matter in debate
was adjudicated on satisfactorily.
David--?< sair sanct for the crown ? though King
James I. is said to have styled him-was one of
the best of the early kings of Scotland. ?I have
seen him,? remarks Aldred, ?quit his horse and
dismiss his hunting equipage when any, even the
humblest of his subjects, desired an audience ; he
sometimes employed his leisure hours in the culture
of his garden, and in the philosophical amusement
of budding and engrafting trees.?
In the priory of Hexham, which was then in
Scottish territory, he was found dead, in a posture
of devotion, on the 24th of May, 1153, and was
succeeded by his grandson Malcolm IV. who,
though he frequently resided in the Castle, considered
Scone his capital rather than Edinburgh.
In 1153 he appointed Galfrid de Melville, of
Melville in Lothian, to be sheriff of the fortress,
and became a great benefactor to the monks
within it.
In 1160, Fergus, Lord of Galloway, a turbulent
thane, husband of the Princess Elizabeth daughter
of Henry I. of England, having taken arms against
the Crown, was defeated in three desperate battles
by Gilbert de Umfraville ; after which he gave his
son Uchtred as a hostage, and assumed the cowl
as an Augustine friar in the Castle of Edinburgh,
where-after bestowing the priory of St. Marie de
Tray11 as a dependant on Holyrood-he died, full
of grief and mortification, in IIGI.
Malcolm died in 1165, and was succeeded by
William the Lion, who generally resided at Haddington;
but many of his public documents are dated
?Ajud Monasienicnt San& Crzmi de CasteZZo.?
In 1174 the Castle fell, for the first time,
into the hands of the English. William the Lion
having demanded the restitution of Northumberland,
Henry of England affected to comply, but
afterwards invaded Scotland, and was repulsed.
In turn William entered England at the head of
80,ooo men, who sorely I ravaged the northern
counties, but being captured by treachery near
Alnwick, and treated with wanton barbarity and
indecency, his vast force dispersed. A ransom of
AIoo,ooo-an enormous sum in those dayswas
demanded, and the Castle was given, with
some others, as a hostage for the king. Fortunately,
however, that which was lost by the chances of
war was quickly restored by more pleasant means,

... to Bellenden, was now standing boldly at bay, and, with its branching antlers, put the life of the ...

Book 1 p. 22
(Score 0.71)

I12 MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH.
The church was crowded with an unusually numerous auditory, among whom he recognised
many Jacobites, as well as a number of the Highland soldiers, attracted by the report
of his intentions, and the knowledge of his intrepid character. He prayed, as usual, for
King George, by name, and then added,--“And as for this young man who has come
among us seeking an earthly crown, we beseech thee that he may obtain what is far better,
a heavenly one ! ” When this was reported to Prince Charles he is said to have laughed,
and expressed himself highly pleased at the courage and charity of the worthy
minister.’
For some days after the Battle of Prestonpans, the communication between the town
and the Castle remained uninterrupted. But the Highlanders, who kept guard at the
Weigh-house, having received orders to prevent all further intercourse with the fortress, the
governor, retaliated by threatening to cannonade the town. Messengers were immediately
despatched by the Lord Provost to the Palace, informing the Prince of the danger the city
was exposed to ; but the governor having waited in vain for a favourable answer, a severe
cannonading at last took place, killing and wounding several of the inhabitants, besides
damaging many of the houses nearest the Castle, and spreading such consternation through
the town, that a great portion of the citizens were prepared for immediate flight. The
consequences that were apprehended from such proceedings were, however, happily averted
by a proclamation of the Prince, declaring the infinite regret he felt at the many murders
committed on the inhabitants by the commander of the garrison, and that he had ordered
the blockade of the Castle to be taken off, and the threatened punishment of his enemies to
be suspended, when he found that thereby innocent lives could be saved. Shortly after
this the Prince left Edinburgh, on his route to England, at the head of an army of about
five thousand men ; from thence he was followed, on his return northward, by the Duke
of Cumberland, who, on his arrival in Edinburgh, occupied the same apartments in the
Palace which had so recently been appropriated to the use of the Prince ; and during his
stay there, the paintings of the Scottish monarchs, in the great gallery, were slashed and
otherwise greatly defaced by the English soldiers.
After the final overthrow of the Highland army at Culloden, a species of triumph was
exhibited in Edinburgh, in full accordance with the magnanimity of the Duke, who claimed
the entire credit of a victory, achieved rather by the policy of Duncan Forbes of Culloden.
Fourteen of the standards that had been taken from the insurgents were burnt at the Market
Cross with every mark of contempt. They were ignominiously carried thither by chimney
sweepers,-the Prince’s own standard being particularly distinguished by being borne by
the common hangman ; and as each wa8 thrown into the fire, the heralds proclaimed the
names of the commanders to whom they had belonged!
. The usual election of magistrates having been prevented by the presence of the Highland
army in Edinburgh, they were chosen in the following year by virtue of a royal mandate,
and the newly-elected Council testified their loyalty to the Hanoverian dynasty by
voting the freedom of the city to the Duke of Cumberland, and presenting to him the charter
of citizenship in a massive gold box, embossed with the city arms outside, and having the
Duke’s own arms, with a suitable inscription, engraved within.
The overthrow of the adherents of Prince Charles was followed up by fines, imprisonl
Hist. of the West Kirk, p. 119.

... MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH. The church was crowded with an unusually numerous auditory, among whom he ...

Book 10 p. 123
(Score 0.71)

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 243
KO. XCIX.
JOHN DAVIDSON, ESQ., AND LORD HENDERLAND.
GEORGE PATON, ESQ.
LORD MONBODDO AND DR. HUTTON.
MR. JOHN DAVIDSON, the first figure in the division entitled " Conversation,''
was the son of a bookseller in Edinburgh, and followed the profession of
a Writer to the Signet. During the greater part of his life he enjoyed, perhaps,
the most lucrative and respectable business in Edinburgh. He was a man
of superior abilities, and of great acuteness and industry. His literary acquirements
were highly estimated by his friends, to whom he frequently rendered
valuable assistance. Principal Robertson, in the preface of his History of Scotland,
which was given to the world in 1759, makes honourable mention of Mr.
Davidson in these words :-'' The facts and observations which relate to Mary's
letters, I owe to my friend Mr. John Davidson, one of the Clerks of the Signet,
who hath examined this point with his usual acuteness and industry."
Mr. Davidson printed, but did not publish, two tracts: the one on the
Regiam Majestatem, and the other on the Black Acts. In 1771 he printed for
private distribution a thin 4to volume, entitled " Accounts of the Chamberlain
of Scotland in 1329, 1330, and 1331, from the originals in the Exchequer, with
some other curious Papers." 1
He had an only
son, who died before him in early life. The late Mr. Hugh Warrender, his first
clerk, succeeded to his business at his death, which occurred at Edinburgh on
the 29th December 1797. The house built by Mr. Davidson, and for sixty
years successively inhabited by him and Mr. Warrender, was the uppermost
house on the Castle Hill, next to the Castle, on the north side of the street,
and became the property of Sir George Warrender, Bart., who inherited it under
the settlement of his relative. The founder of the family, and first baronet, was
a tradesman of Edinburgh at the beginning of last century ; a circumstance on
which Sir George prides himself exceedingly.
The estate of Stewartfield, acquired by Ifi. Davidson, was, in consequence
of a destination in his settlement, inherited by a younger son of Lord Glenlee.
For many years Mr. Davidson was agent for the Crown.
LORD HENDERLAND is represented as engaged in conversation with
Mr. Davidson--each in the attitude which, upon such occasions, he was wont
In some copies a third appendix is to be found, of which only about a dozen copias were
thrown pff.

... SKETCHES. 243 KO. XCIX. JOHN DAVIDSON, ESQ., AND LORD HENDERLAND. GEORGE PATON, ESQ. LORD MONBODDO ...

Book 8 p. 341
(Score 0.71)

answer for some raid, act of treason, or murder, he
would perhaps appear at the bar in a suit of mail,
with as many armed men as he could muster;
and the influence of clanship rendered it dishonourable
not to shield and countenance a kins
VIEW FROM THE COWGATE OF THE BUILDINGS ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF THE PARLIAMENT CLOSE,
THE HIGHEST BUILDINGS IN EDINBURGH. (From a Print published in 1794.)
The forcible abduction of Sir Alexander Gibson,
Lord Durie, a noted lawyer (who drew up the
decisions of the Court from the 11th July, 1621.
to the 16th July, 164z)-that his voice and vote
might be absent from the decision of a case-is
hackbuttiers, with matches lighted, to enforce the '
authority of the Court; before which the former
came armed, while four thousand of his followers
of Dumbreck, and taken to Northumberland, where
he was kept for eight days in the Castle of Harbottle,
while his friends and family, unable to ac

... for some raid, act of treason, or murder, he would perhaps appear at the bar in a suit of mail, with as ...

Book 1 p. 168
(Score 0.71)

hstorphine.1 THE FORRESTERS. I21
took the name of Ruthven, and occupied the castle,
the family honours and estates, which came by his
first wife, went by the patent quoted to another
branch of the family. Dreading that the young
Ruthvens might play foully with the late lord?s charter
chest, and prejudice their succession, Lilias
Forrester Lady Torwoodhead, her son Williani
Baillie, William Gourlay, and others, forced a
passage into the castle of Corstorphine, while the
dead lord?s bloody corpse lay yet unburied there,
and took possession of a tall house, from which they
annoyed the defenders, although they were unable
to carry the post.? 3
He afterwards became colonel of the Scottish
Horse Grenadier Guards. His son, the sixth lord,
was dismissed from the navy by sentence of a
court-martial in 1746 for misconduct, when captain
of the Dejance, and died two years after. His
brother (cousin, says Burke) William, seventh lord,
succeeded him, and 04 his death in 1763 the title
TOMB OF THE FORRESTERS, CORSTORPHINE CHURCH.
and furiously demanded the charter chest, of which
the Lords of Council took possession eventually,
and cast these intruders into prison.
Young Baillie become third Lord Forrester of
Corstorphine. The fourth lord was his son William,
who died in I 705, and left, by his wife, a daughter of
Sir Andrew Birnie of Saline, George, the fifth Lord
Forrester, who fought against the House of Stuart at
Preston in 17 15 ; and it is recorded, that when
Brigadier Macintosh was attacked by General Willis
at the head of five battalions he repulsed them all.
?The Cameronian Regiment, however, led by their
Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Forrester, who displayed
singular bravery and coolness in the action, succeeded
in effecting a lodgment near the barricade,
lla
devolved in succession upon two Baronesses
Forrester, through one of whom it passed to
James, Earl of Verulam, grandson of the Hon.
Harriet Forrester; so the peers of that title now
represent the Forresters of Corstorphine, whose
name was so long connected with the civic annals
of Edinburgh.
It may be of interest to note that the armorial
bearings of the Forresters of Corstorphine,
as shown on their old tombs and elsewhere,
were-quarterly I st and 4th, three buffaloes?
horns stringed, for the name of Forrester; with,
afterwards, 2nd and grd, nine mullets for that
of Baillie; crest, a talbot?s head; two talbots for
supporters, and the motto S?ero.

... THE FORRESTERS. I21 took the name of Ruthven, and occupied the castle, the family honours and ...

Book 5 p. 121
(Score 0.71)

80 NEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH.
The confederate lords, as soon as they had got Queen Mary safely lodged in Holyrood
House, formed themselves into a council, and at once drew up and signed an order for her
imprisonment in Loch Leven Castle. It was in fact only giving effect to their previous
resolutions. The same night she was hastily conveyed from the Palace, disguised in mean
attire, and compelled to ride a distance of thirty miles to the scene of her captivity.
On that night-the 16th of June 1567-she bade a final farewell to the Palace of
Holprood, and to Scotland's Crown. Her further history does not come within the
province of our Memorials, though her memory still dwells amid these ancient scenes,
and the stranger can never tread the ruined aisles of the Old Abbey Church, without some
passing thought of the gifted and lovely, but most unfortunate daughter of James V.-
Mary Queen of Scots.

... NEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH. The confederate lords, as soon as they had got Queen Mary safely lodged in ...

Book 10 p. 87
(Score 0.7)

424 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
No. CLXVII.
MR. JAMES RAE, DR. WILLIAM LAING,
AND
DR. JAMES .HAY.
MR JAMES RAE, the first figure to the left, was born in 1716, and
was descended of a family of long standing as landed proprietors in Stirlingshire.
Having been educated for the medical profession, he entered the Incorporation
of Surgeons in 1747, and was Deacon during the years 1764-5.
Mr. Rae was considered a talented and experienced surgeon, and as such
was in extensive and respectable practice. He obtained much reputation as
a dentist, and was among the first (if not the very first) in Edinburgh, to
rescue that department from the ignorant and unskilful hands in which it was
then placed. He occasionally gave private lectures on the diseases of the
teeth.
About the year 1766, Mr. Rae began delivering a course of general lectures
on surgery, and after having continued these for some time, in 1769 he was
requested by the students ta deliver Practical Lectures on the Surgical Cases
in the Royal Infirmary, which request being highly approved of, both by the
Incorporation of Surgeons and by the Managers of the Royal Infirmary, he
conducted two separate courses of lectures for a period of several years. He
had thus the merit of becoming the founder of that branch of surgical teaching-
Clinical Lectures-which has been found so useful in giving a practical
knowledge of the science, and for which an academical chair has been provided
in the University of Edinburgh, and in many other schools of medicine.
Mr. Rae married, about the year 1742, a daughter of Cant of Thurston, in
East-Lothian, a very old and respectable family,$ormerly Cant of Giles's Grange,
(now the property of Sir Thomas Dick Lauder). He died in 1791, leaving
one son, the late Mr. John Rae, and three daughters, all of whom were married.'
The house in which Mr. Rae lived at the Castle Hill, is the large land with an arched entry,
immediately opposite the water-house. It was built of stones from the North Loch, by Dr. Webster,
minister of the Old Tolbooth Church-after whose death the pl'emisea were occupied as Hogg's
banking-office-then by Mr. Rae-and, in 1794, purchased from that gentleman's executors by the
Society of Antiquaries. From this period till 1813, the house continued to be occupied by the
Society for their mueum, and as the residence of their Secretary, Mr. A. Smellie. Previous to his
removal to the Castle Hill, Mr. Rse resided in a house at the head of the Old Fleshmarket Close,
now occupied by a pawnbroker,

... BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. No. CLXVII. MR. JAMES RAE, DR. WILLIAM LAING, AND DR. JAMES .HAY. MR JAMES RAE, the ...

Book 8 p. 589
(Score 0.7)

... EDINBURGH PAST AND PRESENT. never be really severed. It subsists after death. Even when all labour is done, it ...

Book 11 p. 78
(Score 0.7)

THE CASTLE. 129
Mait.land’s time, and is divided into two stories by a floor which conceals the upper portion
of the chancel arch.
This chapel is, without doubt, the most ancient building now existing in Edinburgh,
and may, with every probability, be regarded as having been the place of worship of
the pious Queen Margaret, during her residence in the Castle, till her death in 1093. It
is in the same style, though of a plainer character, as the earliest portions of Holyrood
Abbey, begun in the year 1128; and it is worthy of remark, that the era of Norman
architecture is one in which many of the most interesting ecclesiastical edifices in the
neighbourhood of Edinburgh were founded, including Holyrood Abbey, St Giles’s Church,
and the parish churches of Duddingston, Ratho, Kirkliston, and Dalmeny, all of which,
with the exception of St Giles’s Church, still contain interesting remains of that era.l
The present garrison chapel is almost entirely a modern building, though including in its
walls portions of a former edifice of considerable antiquity. Immediately north of this is
the King’s Bastion, or mortar battery, upon which is placed the famous old cannon, MONS
MEG. This ancient national relic, which is curiously constructed of iron staves and hoops,
was removed to the Tower of London in 1754, in consequence of an order from the Board
of Ordnance to the governor to send thither all unserviceable cannon in the Castle. It lay
there for seventy years, until it was restored to Scotland by George IV., in 1829, mainly
in consequence of the intercessions of Sir Walter Scott. The form of its ancient wooden
carriage is represented on the sculptured stone, already described, over the entrance of the
Ordnance Office, but that having broken down shortly after its return to Scotland, it has
since been mounted on an elegant modern carriage of cast-iron. On this a series of inscriptions
have been introduced, embodying the usually received traditions as to its history,
which derive the name from its supposed construction at Mons, in Flanders. There is good
reason, however, for believing that local repute has erred on this point, and that this
famous piece of artillery is a native of the land to which all its traditions belong. The evidence
for*this interesting fact was first communicated in a letter from that diligent antiquary,
Mr Train, to Sir Walter Scott, and affords proof, from the local traditions of Galloway, that
this huge piece of ordnance was presented to James 11. in 1455, by the M‘Lellans, when he
arrived with an army at Carlingwark, to besiege William Earl of Douglas, in the Castle
of Threave. We have compressed into a note the main facts of this interesting communication
respecting the pedigree of Mons Meg, which Sir Walter thus unhesitatingly attests
in his reply : “ You have traced her propinquity so clearly, as henceforth to set all conjecture
aside.” a
Our attention waa first directed to this chapel by being told, in answer to our inquiries after the antiquities of the
Castle, that a font still existed in a cellar to the west of the garrison chapel ; it proved, on inspection, to be the socket
of one of the chancel pillara. In further confirmation of the early date we are disposed to aasign to this chapel, we may
remark that the building gifted by David I. to his new Abbey, is styled in all the earlier charters, EccZesiu-‘‘ concedimus
ecclesiam, scilicet Caatelli cum omnibus appendiciis,”-a deacription we can hardly conceive referable to so small a
chapel, while thoae of Corstorphine and Libberton are merely C‘apeZZo,4ependencies of the Church of St Cuthbedand
neither the style of this building, nor the probability derived from the practice of the period, admit of the idea that
so small a chapel would be erected apart from the church after its completion.
In “ The inventare of golden and silver werk being in the Castell of Edinburgh,” 8th Nov. 1543, the following items
occur :-“The Chapell geir of silver ouregilt, ane croce of silver with our Lady and Sanct John,-Tua chandleris,-ane
chalice and ane patine,4ne halie watter fatt,” &c., &c., all “of silver ouregilt. Ane croce of
dver,-tua chandleris of silver,-ane bell of silver,-ane halie watter fatt, with the stick of silver,4ne mise of silver
for the mess breid, with the cover,” &c.-Inventory of Royal Wardrobe, &c., 4t0, Edinburgh, 1815, p. 112.
Joseph Train, p. 200.-The Earl of Douglas having seized Sir Patrick M‘Lellan,
’
Chapell geir ungiltc
’ Contemporaries of Burns.
B

... CASTLE. 129 Mait.land’s time, and is divided into two stories by a floor which conceals the upper ...

Book 10 p. 140
(Score 0.69)

OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [North Bridge.
after nnmixous schemes and suggestions, the North
Bridge was widened in 1873, after designs by
Messrs. Stevenson. The average number of footpassengers
traversing this bridge daily is said to
be considerably in excess of go,ooo, and the
number of wheeled vehicles upwards of 2,000.
The ground at the north-east end of the bridge
has been so variously occupied in succession by an
edifice ?named Dingwall?s Castle, by Shakespeare
Square, and the oldTheatre Royal, with its thousand
memories of the drama in Edinburgh, and latterly
Jay the new General Post Office for Scotland, that we must devote a chapter or two to that portion
? of it alone.
CHAPTER XLIII.
EAST SIDE OF THE NORTH BRIDGE.
Diogwall?s Castle-Whitefield?s ? Preachings?-History of the Old Theatre Royal-The Building-David Ross?s Management--Leased to
Mr. Foote-Then to Mr. Digges-Mr. Moss-- Yates-Next Leased to Mr. Jackson-The Siddons Fumre-Reception of the Great
Actress-ME. Baddeley-New Patent-The Playhouse Riot-?The Scottish Roscius ?-A Ghost-Expiry of the Patent.
BUILT no one knows when, but existing during the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, there stood
on the site now occupied by the new General Post
Office, an edifice named Dingwall?s Castle. In
1647, Cordon of Rothiemay, in his wonderfully
distinct and detailed bird?s-eye view of the city,
represents it as an open ruin, in form a square
tower with a round one at each angle, save on the
north-east, where one was fallen down in part. All
the sloping bank aiid ground between it and the
Trinity College church are shown as open, but
bordered on the west by a line of houses, which he
names Niniani Suburbium seu nzendicorum Fatea
(known latterly as the Beggar?s Row), and on the
west and north by high walls, the latter crenellated,
and by a road which descends close to the edge
of the loch, and then runs along its bank straight
westward.
This stronghold is supposed to have derived its
name from Sir John Dingwall, who was Provost of
the Trinity College church before the Reformation ;
and hence the conclusion is, that it was a dependency
of that institution. He was one of the
first Lords of Session appointed on the 25th May,
1532, at the formation of the College of Justice,
and his name is third on the list.
Of him nothing more is known, save that he
existed and that is all. . Some fragments of the
castle are still supposed to exist among the buildings
on its site, and some were certainly traced
among the cellars of Shakespeare Square on its demolition
in 1860.
During the year 1584 when the Earl of Arran was
Provost of the city, on the 30th September, the
Council commissioned Michael Chisholm and others
to inquire into the order and condition of an ancient
leper hospital which stood beside Dingwall?s Castle;
but of the former no distinct trace is given in
Cordon?s view.
In Edgar?s map of Edinburgh, in 1765, no indication
of these buildings is given, but the ground
occupied by the future theatre and Shakespeare
Square is shown as an open park or irregular
parallelogam closely bordered by trees, measuring
about 350 feet each way, and lying between the
back of the old Orphan Hospital and the village
of Multrie?s Hill, where now the Register House
stands.
It was in this park, known then as that of the
Trinity Hospital, that the celebrated Whitefield
used yearly to harangue a congregation of all creeds
and classes in the open air, when visiting Edinburgh
in the course of his evangelical tours. On his
coming thither for the first time after the Act
had passed for the extension of the royalty,
great was his horror, surprise, and indignation, to
find the green slope which he had deemed to be
rendered almost sacred by his prelections, enclosed
by fences and sheds, amid which a theatre was in
course of erection.
The ground was being ?appropriated to the
service of Satan. The frantic astonishment of the
Nixie who finds her shrine and fountain desolated
in her absence, was nothing to that of Whitefield.
He went raging about the spot, and contemplated
the rising walls of the playhouse with a sort of grim
despair. He is said to have considered the circumstance
as a positive mark of the increasing wickedness
of society, and to have termed it a plucking up
of God?s standard, and a planting of the devil?s in
its place.?
The edifice which he then saw in course of
erection was destined, for ninety years, to be inseparably
connected with the more recent rise of
the drama in Scotland generally, in Edinburgh in
particular, and to be closely identified with all the
artistic and scenic glories of the stage. It was
long a place replete with interest, and yet recalls

... AND NEW EDINBURGH. [North Bridge. after nnmixous schemes and suggestions, the North Bridge was widened in ...

Book 2 p. 340
(Score 0.69)

anderwent at sea, yet he adds, ?our numbers
amounted to 700, and with the loss of three we
made ourselves masters of the island, defended by
800 English trained to war and accustomed to
slaughter.? The Queen Regent and Monluc, the
Bishop of Valence, visited the island after its recapture,
and, according to the French account, were
rather regaled by the sight of 300 English corpses
strewn about it.
The castle was afterwards demolished by order of
LEITH HARBOUR ABOUT 1700. (Fronr am Oil Paint ng in fhe Tn?ni2y trousu, Lcifh.)
The French troops in Leith, being all trained
veterans, inured to military service in the wars of
Francis I. and Henry II., gave infinite trouble to
the raw levies of the Lords of the Congregation,
who began to blockade the town in October,
1559. Long ere this Mary, Queen of Scots, had
become the bride of Francis of France ; and her
mother, who had upheld the Catholic cause so
vigorously, was on her deathbed in the castle of
Edinburgh.
the Scottish Parliament as useless, and nothing
remains of it now but a stone, bearing the royal
arms, built into the lighthouse ; but the French
troops in Leith conceived such high ideas of the excellent
properties of the grass there, that all their
horses were pastured upon it, and for ten years
*hey always termed it ? L?isZe des Chvaux.?
So pleased was Mary of Lorraine with the presence
of her French soldiers in Leith, that-
:according to Maitland-she erected for herself ? a
?house at the corner of Quality Wynd in the Rotten
Row ;? but Robertson states that ?a general impression
has existed that Queen Street was the site
of the residence of the Queen Dowager.? Above
ithe door of it were the arms of Scotland and Guise.
The Lords of Congregation, before proceeding to
extremities with the French, sent a summons,in
the names of ?their sovereign lord and lady,
Francis and Mary, King and Queen of Scotland
and France, demanding that all Scots and Frenchmen,
of whatever estate or degree, depart out of the
town of Leith within the space of twelve hours.?
To this no answer was returned, so the Scottish
troops prepared for an assault by escalade; but
when they applied their ladders to the wall they
were found to be too short, and the heaiy fire of
the French arquebusiers repelled the assailants
with loss, These unlucky scaling-ladders had been
made in St. Giles?s Church, a circumstance which,
curiously enough, is said to have irritated the

... at sea, yet he adds, ?our numbers amounted to 700, and with the loss of three we made ourselves masters ...

Book 5 p. 173
(Score 0.69)

426 MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH.
able from the introduction of the Weigh-house steeple, demolished by Cromwell in 1650, and the spire of the
Tron Church, which was completed about 1663, although the church was so far advanced in 1647 as to be used
as a place of worship. The destruction of the greater part of the ancient Palace in the former year, affords
further evidence of this view having been taken about that period, BS it is represented with considerable accuracy
as it stood previous to the fire. The north garden is laid out in the formal style of the period, with Quem Murys
Bath very accurately introduced in the angle formed by two of the enclosing garden walls. It appears to have
been engraved in Holland, and is illustrated with a stanza in Latin, Dutch, and French, consisting of a very selfcomplacent
soliloquy of the good town on its own ancient glory, A lithographic copy of this view is occasionally
to be met with.
He visited this
country for the first time in 1 6 6 9 ,t~ha t the drawings of the interesting series of Scottish views published by him
mwt have been made during the interval between these dates. They are of great value, being in general rery
faithful representations of the chief towns and most important edsces in Scotland at that period. Much curious
information in reference to the progress of this national work has been selected from the records in the General
Register House, and printed in the 2d voL of the Bannatyne Ivfiscellany. Among these, the following item of
the Captain’s account of ‘‘ Debursements” afford some insight into the mode of getting up the views :-
1693.-The TEEATRUMSC OTE, of Captain John Slezer, was printed at London in 1693.
.
IMPRIMFIoSr. b ringing over a Painter, his charges to travel from place to place, and for
drawing these 57 draughts contahed in the said Theatrum Scotiae, at 2
lib, sterlin per draught, . . 0114: 00 :OO
To Mr Whyte at London, for ingraving the mid 57 draughts, at 4 lib. 10
To Nr Wycke, the battell painter at London, for touching and filling up the
said 57 draughb with little figures, at 10 shillings sterlin per piece, inde,
Captain Slezer hath been at a considerable loss by 12 plates of prospects,which
were spoiled in Holland, as partly appears by a contract betwixt Doctor
Sibbald and the said Captain, dated anno 1691, which loss was at least
Lib. Sterlin.
ITEM,
ITEM,
ITEM,
shillings over head, . . 0256 : 10 :00
0028 : 10 : 00
0072 : 10 : 00
In the early edition of Sle7,r‘s views the only general Pvoapect of Edinburgh is the one from the Dean. But
the view of the Castle from the south also includes some interesting portions of the Old Town, and to these
another view of the Castle from the north-east was afterwards added. Four different editions of the Theatnun
Scotia are described in Cough’s British Topography, and a fifth edition of 100 copies was published at Edinburgh
in 1814, edited by the Rev. Dr Jamieson, with a life of Slezer, and other additional matter, and illustrated
with impressions from the original plates, which are still in existence. The work is to be met with in most public
libraries, and affords some curious views of the chief towns of Scotland, as they existed in the latter end of the
seveuteenth century.
1700.-About this date is a large and very accurate view of Edinburgh from the north, which has been
engraved more than once. The original plate, which appeared first in the third edition of Slezer’s Theatrum
Scotiae, dedicated to the Marquis of Annandale, was published in 1718. It is a long view, with the Cdton
Hill forming the foreground, beyond which Trinity College Church and Paul’s Work appear on one side,
with the North Loch stretching away towards the Well-house Tower. The large ancient church of the Castle,
as well aa St Margaret’s Chapel, form prominent objects in the Castle ; while in the town the Nether Bow Port,
the old High School, demolished in 1777, and others of the ancient features of the city, are introduced with considerable
care and accuracy of detail. The whole is engraved with great spirit, but no draftsman’s or engraver’s
name is attached to it. Another copy of the same, on a still larger scale, though of inferior merit as an en,oraving.
is dedicated to Queen Anne.

... MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH. able from the introduction of the Weigh-house steeple, demolished by Cromwell in 1650, ...

Book 10 p. 465
(Score 0.69)

lection of glittering jewels, of which Tytler gives
the list. In the ?inventory? of the Jewel House
are mentioned five relics of Robert Bruce, viz.,
four silver goblets and a shirt of mail, ?King
Robert?s serk,? as it is written. Among his
cannon were two great French curtalds, forty-six
other pieces of various calibre, and sixteen fieldwaggons,
with a vast quantity of military stores of
every description.
. The quarrels between James and his arrogant
nobles deepened day by day. At last, says Godscroft,.
a story went abroad that it was proposed
to invite them all to a banquet in the great hall
of the Castle, and there cut them off root and
branch ! This startling rumour led to others, and
all culminated in the battle of Sauchieburn, where
James perished, under the dagger of an assassin,
on the 8th of June, 1488-a monarch who, more
than any other of the Stuarts, contributed towards
the permanent prosperity of the Scottish metropolis.
?By favour of his charters its local jurisdiction
was left almost exclusively in the hands
of its own magistrates; on them were conferred
ample powers for enacting laws for its governance,
with authority in life and death-still vested in its
chief magistrate-an independence which was
afterwards defended amid many dangers down to
the period of the Union. By his charters, also in
their favour, they obtained the right, which they
still hold, to all the customs of the haven and
harbour of Leith, with the proprietorship of the
adjacent coast, and all the roads leading thereto.?
On the accession of James IV., in his boyhood,
he sent a herald from Leith to demand the surrender
of the Castle, and a commission consisting
of the Lord High Treasurer, Sir Wi11;am Knowles
(afterwards slain at Flodden), and others, took
over all the personal property of the late king.
The inventory taken on this occasion, according
to Tytler, affords a pleasing and favourable idea
of the splendour of the Scottish court in those
days.
In the treasurer?s accounts we have many curious
entries concerning the various Scottish harpers,
fiddlers, and English pipers, that performed here
to amuse James IV. ?July 10, 1489 ; to Inglish
pyparis that cam to the Caste1 yet and p1.ayit to
the king, viij lib. viij s,?
During the reign of the chivalrous and splendid
James 1V.-who was crowned at Kelso-Edinburgh
became celebrated throughout all Europe as
the scene of knightly feats. The favourite place for
the royal tournaments was a spot of ground just
below the Cast16 rock, and near the king?s stables.
There, James in particular, assembled the nobles by
prwlamation, for jousting, offering such meeds of
honour as a golden-headed lance, or similar
favours, presented by his own hand or that of
some beautiful woman. Knights came from all
countries to take part in these jousts; ?bot,?
says Pitscottie, ?few or none of thame passed
away unmatched, and oftimes overthrowne.?
One notable encounter, witnessed by the
king from the Castle wall, took place in 1503,
when a famous cavalier of the Low Countries,
named by Pitscottie Sir John Cochbevis, challenged
the .best knight in Scotland to break
a spear, or meet him d outrancc in combat to
the death. Sir Patrick Hamilton of the house
of Arran took up his challenge. Amid a vast
concourse, they came to the barriers, lanced,
horsed, and clad in .tempered mail, with their
emblazoned shields hung round their necks. At
sound of trumpet they rushed to the shock, and
splintered their spears fairly. Fresh ones were
given them, but as Hamilton?s horse failed him,
they drew their two-handed swords, and encountered
on foot. They fought thus ?for a full
hour, till the Dutchman being struck to the
ground,? the king cast his plumed bonnet over
the wall to stay the combat, while the heralds
and trumpeters proclaimed the Scottish knight
victorious.
But the court of James was distinguished for
other things than the science of war, for during
his brilliant reign Edinburgh became the resort of
men high in every department of science and
art; and the year 1512 saw the Provost of St.
Giles?s, Gavin Douglas, translating Virgil?s ?Bneid?
into Scottish verse.
In the Castle there resided, about 1503, Lady
Margmet Stuart, the daughter of James, by Margaret
Drummond of that ilk, whom he is said to
have married clandestinely, and who was removed
by some Scottish conspirators ?? to . make way
for a daughter of England,? as an old historian
has i t She was poisoned, together with her two
sisters; and in August, 1503, ?the daughter of
England? duly came in the person of Margaret
Tudor, whose marriage to James at Edinburgh
was conducted with great splendour and much
rejoicing.
In 1509 James employed his master gunner,
Robert Borthwick, to cast a set of brass ordnance
for the Castle, all of which were inscribed
-Mmfim sum, Scofo Borfhwick Eizbricafa, Roberto.
Seven of these were named by James ? the sisters,?
being remarkable for their beauty and size. Borthc
wick also cast within the Castle the bells that now
hang in the cathedral of St. Magnus at Kirkwall
?

... of glittering jewels, of which Tytler gives the list. In the ?inventory? of the Jewel House are mentioned ...

Book 1 p. 35
(Score 0.69)

13% ROSLIN, HAWTHORNDEN,
flowers and creepers. Never, I have heard him say, was he prouder of his
handiwork thah when he had completed the fashioning of a rustic archway,
now overgrown with hoary ivy, by way of ornament to the entrance from the
Edinburgh road.’
At Lasswade, long afterwards, De Quincey spent his later years in a small
house which used to be called, as it may still be called, De Quincey’s Cottage.’
D A L KE I T H.
The market-town of Dalkeith lies between the two rivers, now very near
their meeting-point. It derived its name from its position : ‘ daZ= wall, and
caatha = confined,’ say the scholars. The town consists mainly of one street
running from east to west, now full of new houses and shops, but with here
and there an old roof or house-front still to be seen. Diverging from the
High Street are narrow alleys or ‘closes,’ and in many of these the old houses
remain untouched. Towards its eastern end, the High Street widens into a
market-place. Here, on your left, stand the remains of the ancient church of
St Nicholas, with the modem church tacked on to i t Directly opposite is
the old jail, a two-stoned stone building with barred windows, the groundfloor
of which was used as a weigh-house on market days until both its
functions were superseded by the newer police-station and market-hall.
Facing us, at the eastern extremity of the town, are the gates of Dalkeith
Palace, the seat of the Dukes of Buccleuch.
Of the ancient Castle, built on a high ground, with a drawbridge in front
and a ravine at the back, nothing now remains, except perhaps a bit of the
outworks down on the banks of the North Esk, at the back of the present
Palace. The earliest mention of it dates from the 12th century, when it
belonged to the Grahams. Two hundred years after, by the marriage of a
Marjory Graham, it went into the hands of the Douglases, afterwards Earls of
Morton. Here Froissart stayed full fifteen days while he was in Scotland.
Here the little Princess Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. of England, rested
with her retinue on her way to be married at Edinburgh to King James IV.,
who himself met her at Newbattle and accompanied her to Dalkeith PaIace
with great ceremony.
The Regent Morton, to whom it descended, repaired and strengthened
the Castle, and earned for it the name of Lion’s Den.’ In the following reign
it was a favourite resort of the King. When the news of his mother‘s
death at Fotheringay arrived at Edinburgh, King James, in much vexation,
went without supper to bed, ‘and on the morrow, by seven o’clock, went tu

... ROSLIN, HAWTHORNDEN, flowers and creepers. Never, I have heard him say, was he prouder of his handiwork thah ...

Book 11 p. 197
(Score 0.68)

24 MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH.
horsis under the Castle wall, in the barrace,” the Scottish knight’s horse having failed
him in the first onset, they encountered on foot, continuing the contest for a full hour, till
the Dutchman being struck to the ground, the King cast his hat over the Castle wall a8 a
signal to stay the combat, while the heralds and trumpeters proclaimed Sir Patrick the
victor.
A royal experiment, of a more subtle nature, may be worth recording, as a sample of
the manners of the age. The King caused a dumb woman to be transported to the neighbouring
island of Inchkeith, and there being properly lodged and provisioned, two infants
were entrusted to her care, in order to discover by the language they should adopt, what
was the original human tongue. The result seems to have been very satisfactory, as, after
allowing them a suficient time,
it was found that ‘‘ they spak very
guid Ebrew I ”
But it is not alone by knightly
feats of arms, and the rude chivalry
of the Middle Ages, that
the court of James IV. is distinguished.
The Scottish capital,
during his reign, was the residence
of men high in every department
of learning and the arts.
Gawin Douglas, afterwards
Bishop of Dunkeld, the wellknown
author of “ The Palice of
Honour,” and the translator of
Virgil’s Bneid into Scottish
verse, was at this time Provost
of St Giles’s,’ and dedicated his
poem to the
“ Maist gracious Prince ouir Souerain Jamea the Feird,
Supreme honour renoun of cheualrie.”
Dunbar, “ the greatest poet that Scotland has produced,” ’ was in close and familiar
attendance on the court, and with him Kennedy, “ his kindly foe,” and Sir John Ross, and
“ Gentill Roull of Corstorphine,” as well as others afterwards enumerated by Dunbar, in his
“ Lament for the Makaris.” Many characteristic and very graphic allusions to the manners
of the age have been preserved in the poems that still exist, by them affording a curious
insight into the Scottish city and capital of the James’s. Indeed, the local and temporary
allusions that occur in their most serious pieces, are often quaint and amusing, in the highest
degree, as in Kennedy’s “ Passioun of Grist :”-
“ In the Tolbuth then Pilot enterit in,
Callit on Chrid, and sperit gif He wea King I ”
Keith’a Bishops, 8v0, 1824;~. 468. ’ Ellis’ Specimens, Svo, 1845, vol. i. p. 304.
VIGNETTE-North-e118t pillar, St Qiles’s choir.

... MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH. horsis under the Castle wall, in the barrace,” the Scottish knight’s horse having ...

Book 10 p. 26
(Score 0.68)

I72 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Leith.
.but the3ittle .warlike episode connected with Inchkeith
forms a part of it.
In the rare view of Holyrood given at page 45
.of Vol. II., Inchkeith is shown in the distance, with
its castle, a great square edifice, having a round
tower at each corner. The English garrison here
were in a position which afforded them many
.advantages, and they committed many outrages on
the shores of Fife and Lothian; and when it be-
.came necessary to dislodge them, M. de Biron, a
French officer, left Leith in a galley to reconnoitre
to the island, and evident selection of the only
landing-place, roused the suspicions of the garrison.
Finding theirintentions discovered, they made direct
for the rock, and found the English prepared to
dispute every inch of it with them.
Leaping ashore, with pike, sword, and arquebus,
they attacked the English hand to hand, drove
them into the higher parts of the island, where
Cotton, their commander, and George Appleby,
one of his officers, were killed, with several English
gentlemen of note. The castle was captured, and
@he island-the same galley in which, it is said,
little Queen Mary afterwards went to France. The
English garrison were no doubt ignorant of Biron?s
object in sailing round the isle, as they did not fire
upon him.
Mary of Lorraine had often resorted to Leith
since the arrival of her cour.trymen ; and now she
took such an interest in the expedition to Inchkeith
that she personally superintended the embarkation,
on Corpus Christi day, the 2nd of June,
1549. Accompanied by a few Scottish troops, the
French detachment, led by Chapelle de Biron, De
Ferrieres, De Gourdes, and other distinguished
.officers, quitted the harbour in small boats, and to
.deceive the English as to their intentions sailed up
and down the Firth ; but their frequent approaches
the English driven pell-mell into a corner of the
isle, where they had no alternative but to throw
themselves into the sea or surrender. In this combat
De Biron was wounded on the head by an
arquebus, and had his helmet so beaten about his
ears that he had to be carried off to the boats.
Desbois, his standard-bearer, fell under the pike
of Cotton, the English commander, and Gaspare
di Strozzi, leader of the Italians, was slain. An
account of the capture of this island was published
in France, and it is alike amusing and remarkable
for the bombast in which the French writer indulged.
He records at length the harangues of
the Queen Regent and the French leaders as the
expedition quitted Leith, the length and tedium of
the voyage, and the sufferings which the troops

... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. [Leith. .but the3ittle .warlike episode connected with Inchkeith forms a part of ...

Book 5 p. 172
(Score 0.68)

Rothesay might be baptised in Protestant form,
The queen only replied by placing the child in
his arms. Then the aged minister knelt down, and
prayed long and fervently for his happiness and
prosperity, an event which so touched the tender
Mary that she burst into tears; however, the
prince was baptised according to the Roman ritual
at Stirling on the 5th of December.
The birth of a son produced little change in
Damley?s licentious life. He perished as history
records ; and on Bothwell?s flight after Carberry,
and Mary?s captivity in Lochleven, the Regent
Moray resolved by force or fraud to get all the
fortresses into his possession. Sir James Balfour,
a minion of Bothwell?s-the keeper of the famous
silver casket containing the pretended letters and
sonnets of Mary-surrendered that of Edinburgh,
bribed by lands and money as he marched out, and
the celebrated Sir William Kirkaldy of Grange was
appointed governor in his place. That night the
fated Regent Moray entered with his friends, and
slept in the same little apartment wherein, a year before,
his sister had been delivered of the infant now
proclaimed as James VI. ; but instead of keepin& his
promise to Balfour, Moray treacherously made him
a prisoner of state in the Castle of St. Andrews.
CHAPTER VI.
EDIXBURGH C A S T L E - ( C O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) .
The Siege of 157yThe City Bombarded from the Castle-Elizabeth?s Spy-Drury?s Dispositions for the Siege-Execution of Kirkaldy
-Repair of the Roins-Execution of Morton-Visit of Charles I.-Procession to Holyrood-Coronation of Charles 1.-The Struggle
against Episcopacy-Siege of 16p-The Spectre Drummer-Besieged by Cromwell-Under the Protector-The Restoration-The Argyles
-The Accession of James VIJ -Sentence of the Earl of Argyl-His clever Escape-Imprisoned four years latu-The Last Sleep oC
Argyle-His Death-Torture of Covenanters-Proclamation of William and Mary-lle Siege of 168g-Interview between Gordoe
and Dundee-The Castle invested-Brilliant Defence-Capitulation of the Duke of Gordon-The Spectre of Ckverhouse. J
MARY escaped from Lochleven on the and of May,
1568, and after her defeat fled to England, the
last country in Europe, as events showed, wherein
she should have sought refuge or hospitality.
After the assassination of the Regent Moray, to
his successor, the Regent Morton, fell the task of
subduing all who lingered in arms for the exiled
queen ; and so well did he succeed in this, that,
save the eleven acres covered by the Castle rock
of Edinburgh, which was held for three years by
Sir William Kirkaldy of Grange with a garrison
resolute as himself, the whole country was now
under his rule.
Kirkaldy, whose services in France and elsewhere
had won him the high reputation of being
? the bravest soldier in Europe,? left nothing undone,
amid the unsettled state of affairs, to
strengthen his .post. He raised and trained soldiers
without opposition, seized all the provisions that
were brought into Leith, and garrisoned St. Giles?s
church, into the open spire of which he swung
up cannon to keep the citizens in awe. This was
on the 28th of March, 1571. After the Duke of
Chatelherault, with his Hamiltons-all queen?s men
-marched in on the 1st of May, the gables of
the church were loopholed for arquebuses. Immediate
means were taken to defend the town
against the Regent. Troops crowded into it; others
were niustered for its protection, and this state
of affairs continued for fully three years, during
which Kirkaldy baffled the efforts of four successive
Regents, till Morton was fain to seek aid
from Elizabeth, to wrench from her helpless refugee
the last strength that remained to her ; and most
readily did the English queen agree thereto.
A truce which had been made between ?Morton
and Kirkaldy expired on the 1st of January, 1573,
and as the church bells tolled six in the morning, the
Castle guns, among which were two &?-pounders,
French battardes, and English? culverins? or 18-
pounders (according to the :? Memoirs ofKirkaldy?),
opened on the city in the dark. It was then full
of adherents of James VI., so Kirkaldy cared not
where his shot fell, after the warning gun had been
previously discharged, that all loyal subjects of
the queen should retire. As the ?grey winter dawn
stole in, over spire and pointed roof, the cannonade
was chiefly directed from the eastern curtain
against the new Fisli Market ; the baikets in
which were beaten so high in the air, that for days
after their contents were seen scattered on the tops
of the highest houses. In one place a single shot
killed five persons and wounded twenty others.
Selecting a night when the wind was high and
blowing eastward, Kirkaldy made a sally, and set
on fire all the thatched houses in West Port and
Castle Wynd, cannonading the while the unfortunates
who strove to quench the flames that rolled
away towards the east. In March Kirkaldy resolutely
declined to come to terms with Morton, though
earnestly besought to do so by Henry Killigrew,
who came ostensibly as an English envoy, but in

... might be baptised in Protestant form, The queen only replied by placing the child in his arms. Then the ...

Book 1 p. 47
(Score 0.68)

192 OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. lThe High S e e a
and Sweden, tells us, at the storming of Boitzenburg,
there was ? a Scottish gentleman under the
enemy, who, coming to scale the walls, said aloud,
?Have with you, gentlemen ! Thinke not now
you are on the streel of Edhlburgh bravading.? One
of his own countrymen thrusting him through the
body with a pike, he ended there.?
In the general consternation which succeeded
* the defeat of the army at Flodden a plague raged
within the city with great violence, and carried off
great numbers. Hence the Town Council, to prevent
its progress,
ordered all shops
and booths to be
closed for the space
of fifteen days, and
neither doors nor
windows to be
opened within that
time, but on some
unavoidable occasion,
and nothing
to be dealt in but
necessaries for the
immediate support
of life. All vagrants
were forbidden
to walk in the
streets without hiving
each a light;
and several houses
that had been occupied
by infected
persons were demolished.
*
In 1532 the
High Street was
first paved or causewayed,
and many of
the old tenements
?These, however,? says Arnot, ?are not to be
considered as arguing any comparative insignificancy
in the city of Edinburgh. They proceeded
from the rudeness of the times. The writers of
those days spoke of Edinburgh in terms that show
the respectable opinion they entertained of it. ? In
this city,? says a writer of the sixteenth century-
Braun Agrippinensis--? there are two spacious
streets, of which the principal one, leading from
the Palace to the Castle, is paved with square
stones. The city itself is not built of bricks,
ANDREW CROSBY. (Fmm the Portrait in tkePadiament Haii.)
[The orkinal ofCuunseZZnr PLydelZ in ? Guy Mamneiing.?]
renovated. The former was done under the superintendence
of a Frenchman named Marlin, whose
name was bestowed on an alley to the south. The
Town Council ordered lights to be hung out by
night by the citizens to light the streets, and Edinburgh
became a principal place of resort from all
parts of the kingdom.
Till the reign of James V., the meal-market, and
also the flesh-market, were kept in booths in the
open High Street, which was also encumbered by
stacks of peat, heather, and other fuel, before every
door; while, till the middle of the end of the seventeenth
century, according to Gordon?s map, a fleshmarket
was kept in the Canongate, immediately
below the Nether Bow.
but of square freestones,
and so
stately is its app
ear an c e, that
single houses inay
be compared to
palaces. From the
abbey to the castle
there is a continued
street, which on
both sides contains
a range of excellent
houses. and the
better sort are built
of hewn stone.?
There are,? adds
Amot, ?? specimens
oT the buildings of
the fifteenth century
still (1779) remaining,
particularly
a house on
the south side of
the High Street,
immediately above
Peeble?s Wynd,
having a handsome
front of hewn stone,
and niches in the
walls for the images of saints, which may justify
our author?s description. The house was built
about 1430 (temp. James I.) No private building
in the city of modern date can compare
with it.?
The year 1554 saw the streets better lighted,
and some attempts made to clean them.
The continual wars with England compelled the
citizens to crowd their dwellings as near the Castle
as possible ; thus, instead of the city increasing in
limits, it rose skyward, as we have already mentioned
; storey was piled on storey till the streets
resembled closely packed towers or steeples, each
house, or ?land,? sheltering from twenty to thirty
families within its walls. This was particularly thc

... OLD AND NEW EDINBURGH. lThe High S e e a and Sweden, tells us, at the storming of Boitzenburg, there was ? a ...

Book 1 p. 192
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... OLD -4ND NEW EDINBURGH. [Calton Hill. ~~~~ sea or land, with all its defects it makes a ...

Book 3 p. 108
(Score 0.68)

bosom of Belhaven, the Earl Marischal, after having
opposed the Union in all its stages, refused to be
present at this degrading ceremony, and was represented
by his proxy, Wilson, the Clerk of Session,
who took a long protest descriptive of the regalia,
and declaring that they should remain within the
said crown-room, and -never be removed from it
without due intimation being made to the Earl
Marischal. A copy of this protest, beautifully illuminated,
was then deposited with the regalia, a
linen cloth was spread over the whole, and the
great oak chest was secured by three ponderous
locks; and there for a hundred and ten years,
amid silence, obscurity, and dust, lay the crown
that had sparkled on the brows of Bruce, on those
of the gallant Jameses, and on Mary?s auburn hair
-the symbols of Scotland?s elder days, for which
so many myriads of the loyal, the brave, and the
noble, had laid down their lives on the battle-field
-neglected and forgotten.?
Just four months after this obnoxious ceremony,
and while the spirit of antagonism to it rose high in
the land, a gentleman, with only thirty men, undertook
to surprise the fortress, which had in it now a
party of but thirty-five British soldiers, to guard the
equivalent money, ~400,000, and a great quantity
of Scottish specie, which had been called in to be
coined anew. In the memoirs of Kerr of Kerrsland
we are told that the leader of this projected surprise
was to appear with his thirty followers, all well
armed, at noon, on the esplanade, which at that
hour was the chief lounge of gay and fashionable
people. Among these they were to mingle, but
drawing as near to the barrier gate as possible.
While affecting to inquire for a friend in the Castle,
the leader was to shoot the sentinel ; the report of
his pistol was to he the signal on which his men
were to draw their swords, and secure the bridge,
when a hundred men who were to be concealed in
a cellar near were to join them, tear down the
Union Jack, and hoist the Colours of James VIII.
in its place. The originator of this daring scheme
-whose name never transpired-having commu.
nicated it to the well-known intriguer, Kerr of
Kerrsland, while advising him to defer it till the
chevalier, then expected, was off the coast, he
secretly gave information to the Government, which,
Burnbank was a very debauched character, who is
frequently mentioned in Penicuick?s satirical poems,
to put it in a state of defence ; but the great magazine
of arms, the cannon, stores, and 495 barrels of
powder, which had been placed there in 1706, had
all been removed to England. ?But,? says a
writer, this was only in the spirit of centralisation,
which has since been brought to such perfection.?
In 1708, before the departure of the fleet of
Admiral de Fourbin with that expedition which the
appearance of Byng?s squadron caused to fail, a
plan of the Castle had been laid, at Versailles,
before a board of experienced engineer officers,
who unanimously concluded that, with his troops,
cannon, and mortars, M. de Gace would carry the
place in a few hours. A false attack was to be
made on the westward, while three battalions were
to storm the outworks on the east, work their
way under the half-moon, and carry the citadel.
Two Protestant bishops were then to have crowned
the prince in St. Giles?s church as James VIII.
?I The equivalent from England being there,? says
an officer of the expedition, ?would have been a
great supply to us for raising men (having about
400 officers with us who had served in the wars
in Italy), and above 100 chests in money.?
Had M. de Gace actually appeared before the
fortress, its capture would not have cost him much
trouble, as Kerrsland tells us that there were not
then four rounds of powder in it for the batteries !
On the 14th of December, 1714 the Castle was:
by a decree of the Court of Session, deprived of
its ancient ecclesiastical right of sanctuary, derived
from and retained since the monastic institution
of David I., in I 128. Campbell of Burnbank, the
storekeeper, being under caption at the instance of
a creditor, was arrested by a messenger-at-arms,
on which Colonel Stuart, the governor, remembering
the right of sanctuary, released Campbell, expelled
the official, and closed the barriers. Upon
this the creditor petitioned the court, asserting that
the right of sanctuary was lost. In reply it was
asserted that the Castle was not disfranchised, and
that the Castle of Edinburgh, having anciently
been rmtrurn pueZZarum, kas originally a religious
house, as well as the abbey of Holyrood.? But
the Court decided that it had no privilege of
sanctuary ?to hinder the king?s letters, and ordained
Colonel Stuart to deliver Burnbank to a messenger.?
organised among the Hays, Keiths, and Murrays, and was employed by ?Nicoll Muschat of ill
On tidings of this, the Earl of Leven, governor When the seventies exercised by George I. upon

... of Belhaven, the Earl Marischal, after having opposed the Union in all its stages, refused to be present at ...

Book 1 p. 67
(Score 0.68)

:a brave prince, demanded instant restitution, and,
at the head of an army, laid siege to the Normans
in the border stronghold.
At this time,the winter snow was covering all the
vast expanse of leafless forest, and the hills-then
growing only heath and gorse-around the Castle of
Edinburgh; and there the queen, with her sons
Edmond, Edgar, and David, and her daughters
Mary and Matilda (surnamed the Good, afterwards
queen of Henry I. of England), were anxiously
waiting tidings from the king and his son Edward,
who?had pressed the siege of Alnwick with such
severity that its garrison was hourly expected to
surrender. A sore sickness was now preying on
the wasted frame of the queen, who spent her days
in prayer for the success of the Scots and the
safety of the king. and prince.
All old historians vie with each other in praise of
the virtuous Margaret. ?? When health and beauty
were hers,? says one writer, ?she devoted her
strength to serve the poor and uncultivated people
whom God had committed to her care; she fed them
with her own hand, smoothed their pillow in sickness,
and softened the barbarous and iron rule of
their feudal lords. No wonder that they regarded
her as a guardian angel among them.?
She daily fed three hundred,? says another
authority, ?waiting upon them on her bended
knees, like a housemaid, washing their feet and
kissing them, For these and other expenses she
not only parted with her own royal dresses, but
more than once she drained the treasury.?
Malcolm, a Celt, is said to have been unable to
read the missals given him by his fair-haired Saxon,
but he was wont to kiss them and press them to
his heart in token of love and respect.
In the castle she built the little oratory on the
very summit of the rock. It stands within the
.citadel, and is in perfect preservation, measuring
about twenty-six feet long by ten, and is spanned
by a finely ornamented a p e arch that springs from
massive capitals, and is covered with zig-zag mouldings.
It was dedicated to her in after years, and
liberally endowed.
?There she is said to have prophetically announced
the surprise of the fortress in 1312, by
causing to be painted on the wall a representation
of a man scaling the Castle rock, with the inscription
underneath, ? Garak-vow Franfais,? a prediction
which was conveniently found to be verified
when the Castle was re-taken from the English by
William Frank (or Francis) and Earl Randolph ;
though why the Saxon saint should prophesy in
French we are left to conjecture.?
Comzcted with the residence of Edgar Atheling?s
sister in Edinburgh Castle there is another
legend, which states that while there she commissioned
her friend St. Catharine-but which
St. Catharine it fails to specify-to bring her some
oil from Mount Sinai; and that after long and
sore travel from the rocks of Mount Horeb, the
saint with the treasured oil came in sight of the
Castle of Edinburgh, on that ridge where stood
the Church of St Mary, built by Macbeth, baron
of Liberton. There she let fall the vessel containing
the sacred oil, which was spilt; but there
sprang up in its place a fountain of wonderful
medicinal efficacy, known now as the Balm Well
of St. Catharine, where the oil-which practical
folk say is bituminous and comes from the coal
seams-may still be seen floating on the limpid
water. It figuted long in monkish legends. For ?
vges a mound near it was alleged to be the tomb of
St Catharine; and close by it James IV. erected a
beautiful little chapel dedicated to St. Margaret,
but long since demolished.
During the king?s absence at Alnwick, the queen,
by the severity of her fastings and vigils, increased
a heavy illness under which she laboured. Two
days before her death, Prince Edgar, whom some
writers call her brother, and others her son, arrived
from the Scottish camp with tidings that Malcolm
had been slain, with her son Edward.
? Then,? according to Lord Hailes, who quotes
Turgot?s Life of SL Margaret, ?? lifting up her eyes
and hands towards heaven, she said, Praise and
blessing be to Thee, Almighty God, that Thou hast
been pleased to make me endure so bitter anguish
in the hour of my departure, thereby, as I trust, to
purify me in some measure from the corruption of
my sins; and Thou, Lord Jesus Christ, who
through the will of the Father, hast enlivened
the world by Thy death, oh, deliver me ! ? While
pronouncing ? deliver me? she expired.?
This, according to the Bishop of St. Andrews,
Turgot, previously Prior of Durham, was after she
had heard mass in the present little oratory, and
been borne to the tower on the west side of the
rock ; and she died holding in her hand a famous
relic known as ?the black rood of Scotland,? which
according to St. Elred, ?was a cross an ell long,
of pure gold and wonderful workmanship, having
thereon an ivory figure of our Saviour marvellously
adorned with gold.?
This was on 16th of November, 1093, when she
was in the forty-seventh year of her age. Unless
history be false, with the majesty of a queen and
the meekness of a saint Margaret possessed a
beauty that falls but seldom to the lot of women ;
and in her time she did much to soften the

... brave prince, demanded instant restitution, and, at the head of an army, laid siege to the Normans in the ...

Book 1 p. 18
(Score 0.67)

136 MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH.
tion for the royal stables, but the approach to it from the Castle must have been by a
very inconvenient and circuitous route, although it was immediately overlooked by the
windows of the royal apartments. It seems more probable that the earliest buildings on
this site were erected in the reign of James IV., when the low ground to the westward
was the scene of frequent tiltings and of magnificent tournaments, the fame of which
spread throughout Europe, and attracted the most daring knights-errant to that chivalrous
Monarch’s Court.’ Considerable accommodation would be required for the horses and
attendants on these occasions, as well as for the noble combatants, among whom the King,
it is we11 known, was no idle spectator ; but the buildings of that- date, which we presume
to have been reared for these public combats, were probably only of a temporary nature, as
they were left without the extended wall, built at the commencement of the following
reign, in 1513, a procedure not likely to have taken place had they been of much value.
Maitland, however, mentions a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, the remains of which
were visible in his time (1750) at the foot of the Chapel Wynd; and Kincaid,’ who wrote
towards the close of the century, speaks of them a8 still remaining there ; but since then
they have entirely disappeared, and nothing but the name of the Wynd, which formed the
approach to the chapel, survives to indicate its site. This may, with every probability, be
presumed to have been at the point of junction with that and the Lady’s Wynd, both
evidently named from their proximity to the same chapel.
On this locality, now occupied by the meanest buildings, James IV. was wont to preside
at the jousting5 of the knights and barons of his Court, and to present the meed of honour
to the victor from his own hand; or, as in the famous encounter, already related, between
Sir Patrick Hamilton and a Dutch knight, to watch the combat from the Castle walls, and
from thence to act as umpire of the field. The greater portion of the ancient tilting ground
remained unenclosed when Maitland wrote, and is described by him as a pleasant green,
about one hundred and fifty yards long and fifty broad, adjoining the chapel of the Virgin
Mary, on the west. But this U pleasant green ” is now crowded with slaughter-houses,
tan-pits, and dwellings of the humblest description.
In the challenge in 1571, between Alexander Stewart, younger, of Garlies, and Sir
William Rirkaldy of Grange, the place of combat proposed is, “upon the ground
the baresse be-west the West Port of Edinburgh, the place accustomed, and of old
appointed, for triell of suche matera.”’ The exact site of this interesting spot is now
occupied in part by the western approach, which crosses it immediately beyond the Castle
Bridge; it is defined in one of the title-deeda of the ground, acquired by the City
Improvements Commission, as ‘(,4 11 and hail1 these houses and yards of Orchardfield,
commonly called Livingston’s Yards, comprehending therein that piece of ground called
The Barras.”
The interest attaching to these scenes of ancient feats of arms has been preserved by
successive events almost to our own day. In 1661 the King’s Stables were purchased by
the Town Council for f,lOOO Scots, and the admission of James Boisland, the seller, to the
freedom of the city.4 The right, however, of the new possessors, to whom they would
seem to have been resold, was made a subject of legal investigation at a later date. Foun-
Ante, p. 23. 3 Maitland, p. 172. Kincaid, p. 103. ’ Calderwood‘a Hist, Wnd. Soc., vol. iii. p. 108. Coun. Reg., vol. xx. p. 268, apud Kincaid, p. 103.

... MEMORIALS OF EDINBURGH. tion for the royal stables, but the approach to it from the Castle must have been by ...

Book 10 p. 147
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politically. These documents had been perfidiously
sent to Scotland by General Monk. The marquis
was condemned to die the death of a traitor.
From the Castle he begged in vain a ten days?
respite, that he might crave pity of the king. ??I
placed the crown upon his head,? said he, mourn-
- fully, ? and this is my reward ! ?
An escape was planned. He lay in bed for
some days feigning iuyess, and the Marchioness
came in a sedan to visit him. Being of the same
stature, he assumed her dress and coif; but when
about to step into the sedan his courage failed him,
and he abandoned the attempt. The night before
execution he was removed to the most ancient
prison in Edinburgh-an edifice in Mauchine?s
Close, long since removed, where the Marchioness
awaited him. ?The Lord will requite it,? she exclaimed,
as she wept bitterly on his breast. ? Forbear,
Margaret,? said. he, calmly, ?I pity my
enemies, and am as content in this ignominious
prison as in yonder Castle of Edinburgh.?
With his last breath he expressed abhorrence of
the death of Charles I, and on the 27th May his
head was struck from his body by the Maiden, at
the west end of the Tolbooth. By patent all his
ancient earldom and estates were restored to his
son, h r d Lorne, then a prisoner in the Castle,
where on one occasion he had a narrow escape,
when playing ? with hand bullets ? {bowls 3) one
of which, as Wodrow records, struck him senseless.
On the 30th May, 1667, the batteries of the
Castle returned the salute of the English fleet,
which came to anchor in the roads under the
pennant of Sir Jeremiah Smythe; who came thither
in quest of the Dutch fleet, which had been bombarding
Burntisland.
Janies Duke of Alhany and York succeeded the
odious Duke Q? Lauderdale in the administration
of Scottish affairs, and won the favour of all classes,
while he resided at Holyrood awaiting the issue of
the famous Bill of Exclusion, which would deprive
him of the throne of England on the demise of
his brother, and hence it became his earnest desire
to secure at least Scotland, the hereditary kingdom
of his race. OR his fixst Visit to &e Cask, on
30th October, 1680, Mons Meg br-rst when the
guns were saluting-a ring near the touchhole
giving way, which, saith Fountainhall, was deemed
by all men a bad omen. His lordship adds that
as the gun was charged by an English gunner,
required by the obnoxious Test Act as Commis.
Goner of the Scottish Treasury; and on the 12th
Scottish manners gradually gave way before the
affability of such entertainers as the Duchess
Mary d? Este of Modena, and the Princess Anne,
?and the novel luxuries of the English court
formed an attraction to the Scottish grandees.
Tea was introduced for the first time into Scotland
on this occasion, and given by the duchess as a
great treat to the Scottish ladies. Balls, plays, and
masquerades were also attempted; but the last
proved too great an innovation on the rigid manners
of that period to be tolerated.?
The accession of King James VII. is thus recorded
by Lord Fountainhall (&? Decisions,? vol. i.) :
--?Feb. 6th, 1685. The Privy Council is called
extraordinary, on the occasion of an express sent
them by his royal highness the Duke of Albany,
telling that, on Monday the 2nd February, the king
was seized with a violent and apoplectic fit, which
stupefied him for four hours ; but, by letting twelve
ounces of blood and applying cupping-glasses to
his head, he revived. This unexpected surprise
put our statesmen in a hurly-burly, and was
followed by the news of the death of his Majesty,
which happened on the 7th of February, and came
home to us on the roth, in the morning ; whereupon
a theatre was immediately erected at the cross of
Edinburgh, and the militia companies drawn out
in arms ; and, at ten o?clock, the Chancellor,
Treasurer, and all the other officers of State, with
the nobility, lotds of Privy Council and Session, the
magistrates and town council of Edinburgh, came
to the cross, with the lion king-at-arms, his heralds
and trumpeters ; the Chance!;or carried his own
purse, and, weeping, proclaimed Jimes Duke af
Albany the ~nZy and undoubtcrt king of this realm, by
fhe-tiile of Jirnes VfL, the clerk registrar reading
the words of the Act to him, and all of them swore
faith and allegiance to him. Then the other proclamation
was then read, whereby King James VII.
continued all oAices till he had more time to send
down new commissions. . - . . Then the
Castle shot a round of guns, and sermon began,
wherein Mr. John Robertson did regret our loss,
but desiredour tears might be dried up when we
looked upon so brave and excellent a successor.
The Privy Council called foa all the seals, and broke
them, appointing new ones with the name of James
VII. to be made.?
In r68c the Earl of Argyie was committed to
the Castle for the third time for declining the oath
. having no cannon in all England so big as she.?
During the duke?s residence at Holyrood a splendid
of December ,an assize brought in their verdict, by
the Marquis of Montrose, his hereditary foe, finding

... These documents had been perfidiously sent to Scotland by General Monk. The marquis was condemned to ...

Book 1 p. 59
(Score 0.67)

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